中古以后麻佳同韵的类型及其性质  

Three types of the mergence of ma(麻) with jia(佳) rhymes

作　　者：郑伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学中文系

出　　处：《中国语文》2015年第3期254-265,288,共12页Studies of the Chinese Language

基　　金：教育部霍英东教育基金会第十四届高等院校青年教师基金基础性研究课题(141105);华东师范大学"紫江青年学者"岗位科研启动基金的支持

摘　　要：本文旨在说明汉语音韵史上和现代方言中三种不同类型的"麻佳同韵"。(1)类型Ⅰ是中古金陵音系的反映,除了见于日译吴音、古汉越语,在现代吴语和闽语中分别以特字白读(扩散式音变)和音类白读(连续式音变)来体现。(2)类型Ⅱ来自晚唐北方官话,多见于北部吴语,具体表现为麻二见组字与佳韵同韵,属条件音变,与类型Ⅰ性质迥异。该层次还见于日译汉音、汉越音及现代闽语(文读)、新湘语、江淮官话、西南官话等。(3)类型Ⅲ出现于宋元以后,只是个别佳韵字读人麻韵,没有系统性和音变条件可言。Based on the analysis of historical documents and modern dialects,this paper explores three types of the mergence of ma(麻) and jia(佳) rhymes since the period of the Qieyun(切韵).Type Ⅰ comes from the phonological system of Jinling Wu in Southern Dynasties and is preserved in Japanese Go-on and old Sino-Vietnamese.This stratum is synchronically distributed in Wu and Min dialects and reflected as special words and phonological categories.Type Ⅱ can be dated from the Northern Mandarin in Late-Tang dynasty and exists only in division Ⅱ of ma rhyme with jian(见) initial group in northern Wu dialects.It is also found in Japanese Gan-on,Sino-Vietnamese and modern dialects including new Xiang dialects,Jiang-huai dialects,Southwestern Mandarin and the literary stratum of Min dialects,etc.Type Ⅲ doesn't result from sound change,but from reading variation of some words of jia rhyme after Song-Yuan period.It is therefore lacking of phonological motivation.

关 键 词：《切韵》 中古金陵音系 麻佳同韵 现代方言 语音性质 

分 类 号：H113[语言文字—汉语]