基于动态过程模拟的定量化HAZOP分析方法  

Quantitative HAZOP analysis approach based on dynamic process simulation

作　　者：郭丽杰[1] 康建新[1] 

机构地区：[1]燕山大学环境与化学工程学院,河北省应用化学重点实验室,河北秦皇岛066004

出　　处：《计算机与应用化学》2015年第4期392-396,共5页Computers and Applied Chemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51205340);河北省高等学校科学研究计划/自然科学研究项目(Z2013031);燕山大学博士基金项目(B526)

摘　　要：HAZOP分析是一种广泛使用的过程安全评价方法,但缺乏定量化的评价依据。为了有效地辨识过程工业中潜在危险,在传统HAZOP方法基础上,提出了基于动态过程模拟的定量化HAZOP分析方法。首先进行HAZOP分析,辨识偏差原因和后果,然后建立动态过程模拟模型,通过预制故障模拟不同程度偏差原因对偏差后果的动态影响,得到偏差原因与后果之间的量化关系,并且通过模拟获得偏差原因的安全操作极限数据,分析现有安全保护措施的有效性,最后对偏差的调节措施进行模拟优化分析。为了验证所提出方法的有效性,以某气体分馏装置脱丙烷单元作为应用实例,采用Unisim软件建立动态过程模拟模型,对HAZOP偏差—"脱丙烷塔顶压力过高"的危险场景进行了模拟。研究结果表明,所提出的方法是对传统HAZOP分析的补充和扩展,实现了HAZOP偏差的定量化,从而提高了HAZOP分析的准确性和可靠性,对过程安全管理具有重要指导意义。HAZOP （hazard and operability） analysis approach is widely used for the process safety assessment, but it lacks of the quantitative assessment basis. To effectively identify the potential hazards in the process industry, a quantitative HAZOP analysis approach based on dynamic process simulation was proposed by the introduction of the dynamic process simulation technique into conventional HAZOP analysis. Firstly, HAZOP analysis was performed to identify the causes and consequences of the deviations. The dynamie process simulation model was then established, which was used to model the dynamic effect of the different degree deviation causes on consequences by prefabrication fault. The quantitative relationship between deviation causes and consequences could be obtained, and the safety operation limitation data of deviation causes could also be achieved. Moreover, the effectiveness of the existed safety protection measures could be verified by the process simulation. Finally, the simulation optimization analysis of the deviation regulation measures has been carried out. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, the depropanizer unit in a gas fractionation plant was taken as a case study. The dynamic simulation model was established by the use of Unisim software. The hazard scenario was simulated for HAZOP deviation, i.e. much too high pressure at the top of the depropanizer. The results show that the proposed approach can be used to complement and extend the conventional HAZOP analysis. The quantitative analysis of HAZOP deviation can be achieved. As a result, it can improve the accuracy and reliability of HAZOP analysis and provide great guidance for the process safety management.

关 键 词：危险与可操作性分析 过程安全 动态过程模拟 过程系统 

分 类 号：X913.4[环境科学与工程—安全科学]