西藏林芝地区油菜田杂草群落动态及生态位  

Dynamics and ecological niche of weed communities in rape field of Linzhi,Tibet

作　　者：尼玛曲珍[1] 方江平[1] 郑维列[1] 郝文渊[1] 

机构地区：[1]西藏大学农牧学院,西藏林芝860000

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2015年第5期1320-1324,共5页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家科技支撑项目(2013BAC04BO1)资助

摘　　要：采用田间调查方法,对林芝地区油菜田杂草群落相对丰度和生态位进行了研究。初步明确了林芝地区油菜田间杂草种类共有7科11种,其中主要科为:豆科、禾本科和藜科;优势种群为:藏蓟、车前、野燕麦、天蓝苜蓿、早熟禾和窄叶野碗豆。同时明确了优势杂草的消长变化规律,即4月中旬为杂草始发期,5月初和6月底为2个出草高峰期。天蓝苜蓿的综合生态位宽度值最大,对油菜的危害最大,其次为车前和藏蓟;早熟禾与车前的时间生态位重叠值最大,与野燕麦的水平生态位重叠值和垂直生态位重叠值都最大,它们相互之间利用资源的相似性较高。利用相对丰度和生态位宽度均能确定优势杂草的种类,反映杂草对作物危害程度的大小。Relative abundance and niche of weed communities in the rape field of Linzhi, Tibet were investigated. Seven families and 11 species were observed in the rape field and Leguminosae, Poaceae and Chenopodiaceae were the three major family. Cirsium lanatum, Plantago asiatica, Avena fatua, Medicago lupulina, Poa annua and Vicia angustifolia were the predominant species. In addition, we identified the variation characteristics of dominant weed species. MidApril was the initial period and early May and late June were the two peaking periods of weed growing. M. lupulina had the widest ecological niche and therefore serious harm to rape. P. asiatica and C. lanatum had certaindegree harm to rape. P. annua and P. asiatica had the largest overlap, which were larger than the horizontal and vertical ecological niches of A. fatua, and had similar utilization of resource. Therefore, we can use relative abundance and niche to identify the dominant weed species and predict their harm to rape.

关 键 词：油菜 杂草 群落动态 生态位 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学] S451