混合圈养条件下马来穿山甲活动时间的分配与规律  

Time budget and activity pattern of mixed captive Manis javanica

作　　者：王华[1] 张新玉[1] 鲍毅新[1] 李海宏[1] 龚堃[1] 任鹏[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江师范大学生态研究所,浙江金华321004

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2015年第5期1407-1412,共6页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：浙江省公益性技术应用研究计划项目(2012C22070)资助

摘　　要：2013年3—4月,采用扫描取样法及目标动物取样法对混合圈养下马来穿山甲(Manis javanica)活动的录像资料进行分析,研究马来穿山甲的个体行为时间分配和活动节律。结果表明:混合圈养下的马来穿山甲主要有取食(摄食,饮水)、运动(攀爬,爬行,踱步)、社会(相互爬背,相互追逐)、隐藏(箱内未知活动)和其他行为(暂停,挖掘,排遗排泄,洗澡等)。活动的主要表现形式为摄食行为(18.56%)、爬行行为(16.11%)、攀爬行为(11.51%)以及社会行为(11.51%)。挖掘行为(0.92%)发生较少,踱步行为占4.40%。从傍晚19:00一直延续到次日06:00均有活动发生,高峰为20:00—23:00。该时段的摄食行为、爬行行为、社会行为发生频率最高。相关性分析结果显示,摄食行为与社会行为的时间分配(R2=0.920,P<0.001)、爬行行为(R2=0.796,P<0.001)呈极显著相关。我们认为,圈养马来穿山甲的活动规律可能与食物提供的时间以及取食行为发生的时间有关。长时间圈养的动物会表现出刻板行为,而混合圈养下的社会行为有助于削弱这种趋势。因此,为避免饲养条件下马来穿山甲行为多样性的减低,在丰富圈养环境的同时,可适当进行混合圈养。We recorded daily behaviors of mixed captive Manis javanica with two infrared video cameras from March to April, 2013, and analyzed the time budget and activity pattern by using the scan sampling method and focal animal sampling method. The behaviors included feeding （eating, drinking）, locomotion （climbing, walking and pacing）, social behavior （climbing back, pursuing）, hiding （activity unseen）, and others （pause, digging, excretion and egestion, bathing）. The results showed that the main behaviors of M. javanica were eating （18.56%）, walking （16.11%）, climbing （11.51%）, and social behavior （11.51%）. Few digging behaviors （0.92%） appeared at night, and abnormal repetitive behaviors （4.40%） occurred occasionally. Subjects were active intermittently from 19：00 to 06：00. The activity peak occurred between 20：00 and 23：00, which was also the most active period of eating, walking and social behaviors. Eating showed a significant correlation with social behavior in time distribution （R2=0.920, P〈0.001） and walking behavior （R2=0.796, P〈0.001）. We considered that foodproviding time and feeding time might lead to the activity pattern of socially captive M. javanica. In the captive environment, the animals always exhibit stereotyped behaviors but the trend might decrease in the mixed captive environment. Therefore, in order to avoid the decrease of the behavior diversity of M. javanica, we can richen the captive environment, and also provide a mixed captive environment.

关 键 词：马来穿山甲 混合圈养 行为时间分配 活动规律 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]