认同的宪法难题:对“爱国爱港”的基本法解释  

Difficult Constitutional Issue of Identity:Basic Law's Interpretation of Ai Guo Ai Gang

作　　者：田飞龙[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学法学院 [2]港澳与内地合作发展协同创新中心

出　　处：《法学评论》2015年第3期98-106,共9页Law Review

基　　金：港澳与内地合作发展协同创新中心以及教育部人文社科重点研究基地中山大学港澳珠三角研究中心的资助;协同创新中心2014年度项目"香港立法会运作研究"的阶段性成果

摘　　要：1987年的"邓公之问"预伏下"爱国爱港"与"民主普选"之间的差异化理解与实质性冲突。特首普选咨询中呈现出的"爱国爱港"之政治标准与法律标准的争议,以及白皮书对"全面管治权"的澄清与重申,是对"邓公之问"的回应和具体化,背后透露出香港回归以来的政治认同难题。这一难题与香港曾经独特的殖民史之间具有直接关联,殖民史提供的西式价值观、政党政治和民主文化成为特区政治意识的核心构成,对"爱国爱港"要求构成直接制约和限定。基本法以"居民"概念为核心建构了香港居民的双重身份,包含了基于高度自治的本地化指涉,但未将具有"一国"内涵的中国宪法上的"中国公民"概念予以充分的制度化、程序化和仪式化。基本法建构了多层次、差异化的的"爱国爱港"义务框架,不限于特首,而扩及广泛的香港居民。破解认同难题的根本之道在于回归公民教育,在于突破基本法的"居民"限定,重申并在制度安排上支持"中国公民"身份的最高性和优先性。1987＇s Question By Mr Deng indicated the different understandings and substantive conflicts between ＂Love Country Love Hong Kong＂ and ＂Democratic Universal Suffrage＂o The debates concerning the political/legal standards of ＂Love Country Love Hong Kong＂ within the universal suffrage consultation and the clarity/restatement of ＂overall jurisdiction＂ by the White Paper are the response and implementation to the Question, behind which is the political difficulty in identity since the return of Hong Kong. Such difficulty has direct relations with the unique colonial history of Hong Kong. The western val- ues, party politics and democratic culture offered by the very history constitute the hard core of the Hong Kong political con- sciousness, which come into being the direct limits and restrictions on ＂Love Country Love Hong Kong＇. The Hong Kong Basic Law has established the dual identities of residents based up the concept of resident, which contains the local indication under the high autonomy but lacks in the institutionalization, routinization and ritualization of the concept of ＂Chinese citizen＂ in the 1982 Constitution. The Hong Kong Basic Law has established the diverse, different obligatory framework of＂ Love Country Love Hong Kong＇, which covers not only the chief executive but the ordinary residents in Hong Kong. The fundamental path to solve the difficulty in identity is a return to civil education, which requires breaking through the limits of ＂resident＂ in Hong Kong Basic Law, restating/supporting the supremacy and priority of the ＂Chinese citizen＂.

关 键 词：爱国爱港 普选 认同 公民 居民 

分 类 号：D921[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]