微生物诱变育种概况及激光在微生物诱变中的应用  

Overview of microbial mutation breeding and the application of laser in microbial mutation

作　　者：高宏正 李国强[1] 邓素贞[1] 孙海风 沈义成 张瑞豪 陈国强[1] 刘帮会[1] 周士坦 孟春晓[1] 高政权[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东理工大学生命科学学院,山东淄博255049

出　　处：《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2015年第5期53-56,共4页Heilongjiang Animal Science And veterinary Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41106124;31170279);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2011CQ010;ZR2011DM006)

摘　　要：微生物在人类的粮食、能源、健康、资源和环境保护等问题中显露出越来越重要的作用。品种优劣对于微生物药物的工业化生产具有决定性意义。野生微生物品种往往因产率低而不能直接用于工业生产,因此选育高产、稳产、低耗的微生物诱变品种是微生物研究的重点领域。以人工诱发基因突变为基础的诱变育种是一种经典而高效的微生物遗传育种方法,目前大部分工业用的生产菌种是通过诱变育种选育出来的。文章总结与比较了三大类常用微生物诱变方法——化学诱变、物理诱变、生物法诱变的优缺点,并对已广泛应用于微藻、病毒、环境、食品、药物等领域物理诱变中的激光诱变法的优缺点和应用前景进行了重点论述,希望对同行业者有一定的启示作用。Microorganisms play increasingly important roles in the problems of grain, energy, health, resources and environment protection and so on for mankind. The good and bad varieties of the microorganisms have a decisive significance for the industrial production of microbial drugs. The wild varieties of microorganisms cant be directly used in industrial production, often due to low production rate. Therefore, selectively breed- ing the mutated microbial varieties with high yield, stable yield, and low consumption, is the key field of microbial research. The mutation breeding based on artificially induced genetic mutations is a classic and highly efficient breeding method for microorganisms ,which is used in the industry to produce the most of strains at present. This paper summarizes and compares the merits and demerits of the three kinds of commonly used methods for microbial mutagenesis,including chemical mutagenesis,physical mutagenesis, and biological mutagenesis; and focuses on the advantages and disadvantages and application prospects of laser mutagenesis,which belongs to physical mutagenesis and has been widely used in the fields of microalgae, viruses, environment, food, medicine and so on. It is hoped that the paper can have certain enlightenment to the researchers in the fields.

关 键 词：微生物 人工诱变 诱变育种 激光诱变 微藻 能源 

分 类 号：S813.2[农业科学—畜牧学]