杨尺蠖蛹形态观察及球孢白僵菌菌株对其致病力的比较  

Morphologic observation of Apocheima cinerarius Erschoff( Lepidoptera:Geometridae ) pupae and comparison of virulence of Beauveria bassiana infected on them

作　　者：姚红青 谢映平[1] 王二虎 

机构地区：[1]山西大学生命科学学院,太原030006 [2]洪洞县林业局森林保护站,山西洪洞041600

出　　处：《环境昆虫学报》2015年第2期348-354,共7页Journal of Environmental Entomology

基　　金：山西省科技攻关项目(20140311017-6)

摘　　要：为了筛选出对杨尺蠖Apocheima cinerarius Erschoff蛹致病力较强的球孢白僵菌Beauveria bassiana菌株以及防治最佳时期,本研究以三个时期采于临汾市洪洞县杨树林内的杨尺蠖蛹为标本,观察其外部形态特征并解剖以了解其内部结构。然后用实验室现有的三株球孢白僵菌TST05、FDB01、SYN01进行毒力测定。结果表明:前期、中期和后期的杨尺蠖蛹外部形态特征大致相同,有复眼、触角、中胸气门、翅芽和臀棘等结构。不同时期的蛹内部结构变化很大。前期蛹虫体未发育完全,只看到直肠囊位于中央。中期蛹基本发育完全,已经分化出中肠和马氏管等结构。后期雌蛹中出现了卵。致病力测定结果表明:三株菌均能侵染杨尺蠖蛹,死亡虫体继续培养后长出白色菌丝。各时期杨尺蠖蛹的校正死亡率随时间变化曲线不相同,但是染菌4 d后,TST05菌株对蛹的校正死亡率一直保持最高的趋势。染菌8 d后,三个时期TST05菌株对杨尺蠖蛹的校正死亡率都是最高,LT50最小,与其他菌株差异显著(P<0.05)。TST05菌株对前期和中期蛹的校正死亡率较高,在70%以上,各时期间差异显著(P<0.05)。前期和中期LT50都低于5 d。球孢白僵菌TST05在杨尺蠖蛹期的地下防治中有较大的潜力,5月化蛹初期和7、8月雨季是防治的最佳时期。To screen a high virulence strain and the best stage against pupae of Apocheima cinerarius Erschoff,we collected pupae in different stages from poplar forest in Hongtong of Linfen. Their morphological characters and structures were known by dissecting and observing. Then we evaluated the pathogenicity of three isolates of B. bassiana TST05,FDB01 and SYN01. The results showed that the morphological characteristics of pupae were about the same in different stages. The pupae had ommateum,antenna,mesostigma,wing bud,cremaster,etc. The internal structures of pupa varied in different stages. Pupae had not fully developed in early stage,only can see rectal caecum in the central.Pupae in middle stage had basically developed to adulthood. The midgut and Malpighian tube had differentiated. There were eggs in later stage female pupae. Infection experiment shows that three strains were able to infect pupae and dead pupae had white mycelium along with culturing. Although the curveswhich corrected mortality of each period of A. cinerarius pupae changes with time were not the same,the corrected mortality of TST05 remained top tendency on 4 d. The corrected mortalities of strain TST05 in three periods were the highest on 8 d. LT50 were the lowest and significant difference（ P 〈 0. 05）. The mortalities of TST05 on pupae in early stage and middle stage reached 70% on 8 d and significant difference（ P 〈 0. 05）. LT50 were less than 5 d. Conclusion： TST05 is definitely a strain with great potential for controlling the pest in soil. The early pupa stage in May and the rainy season in July or August are best time for controlling the pest.

关 键 词：杨尺蠖蛹 不同时期 形态结构 球孢白僵菌 致病力 

分 类 号：Q964[生物学—昆虫学] S476[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]