高校一起成人非典型麻疹暴发疫情的调查分析  

Analysis of an outbreak epidemic of adult atypical measles in a college

作　　者：连志勇[1] 安向东[1] 于文博[1] 于霄云[1] 

机构地区：[1]辽宁省沈阳市疾病预防控制中心,沈阳110031

出　　处：《疾病预防控制通报》2015年第2期76-78,共3页Bulletin of Disease Control & Prevention(China)

摘　　要：目的调查一起高校成人非典型麻疹暴发疫情,探究非典型麻疹的流行病学特征,为制定消除麻疹免疫规划提供科学依据。方法采用回顾性调查的方式收集并描述2013年某大学成人非典型麻疹暴发的流行病学资料。结果疫情持续18 d,报告病例35例,均为18-22岁学生,有同班级和寝室聚集性;既往有免疫史占85.71%,临床除发热、咳嗽等上呼吸道症状外,仅有7例出现皮疹,且为不典型皮疹;34例伴有肺炎,CT为多发结节状高密度影,实验室血清麻疹IgM抗体阳转时间3-9 d,病情较轻。结论 15-30岁成人麻疹免疫水平处于较低水平,感染后临床症状不典型,易出现误诊、漏诊,存在暴发的风险,应纳入麻疹防控的重点人群。Objective To investigate and research an outbreak of adult atypical measles in a college, to explore the epidemiological characteristics of atypical measles, and provide scientific basis for elimination of measles by immunization program. Methods Retrospective survey was taken to collect and describe epidemiologicat data of the adult atypical measles out-break in a college in 2013. Results The outbreak lasted 18 days, 35 cases were adult students of 18-22 years old, with aggregation in the same class and dormitory. 85.71% of the patients had history of immunity previously. Clinical symptoms included fever, cough and other upper respiratory tract symptoms, only 20.00% of the patients had atypical rash, and all patients had pneumonia, but the illness was mild. CT showed that lungs had multiple nodular and high-density image. Positive time of serum measles IgM at laboratory was 3-9 days. Conclusions Immune level of adult measles of 15-30 years old is low, and clinical symptoms of infection are atypical, so misdiagnosis and outbreak may occur easily. They should be the focus groups of prevention and control of measles.

关 键 词：成人麻疹 流行病学 高校学生 

分 类 号：R511.1[医药卫生—内科学] R181.81[医药卫生—临床医学]