求利抑或谋生:国际视域下中国近代农民经济行为的论争  

Seeking Profit or Making a Living: A Debate on the Economic Behavior of Peasants in Modern Chinese from the International Perspective

作　　者：李金铮[1] 

机构地区：[1]南开大学历史学院,天津300071

出　　处：《史学集刊》2015年第3期22-33,共12页Collected Papers of History Studies

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目"民国日常生活"(13JJD770017)的中期成果之一

摘　　要：农民的经济行为是一个具有重大理论意义的国际学术难题。从中外学者的成果来看,关于中国近代农民经济行为的解释主要有三种:第一种,中国农民是理性小农,追求利益最大化。与此相应,中国近代农村经济和农民生活水平是上升的;第二种,中国农民主要是为了谋生和效用最大化,但也属合理的经济行为,中国近代农村经济和农民生活处于下降的趋势;第三种,中国农民行为具有谋生、谋利的双重或多重逻辑,中国农村经济和农民生活水平呈现为发展与不发展的复杂状态。今后应该对不同时期、不同区域、不同层次、不同经济类型的农民进行个案研究,并突破已有的经济理性和生存伦理概念,提炼出适用性更强的新理论和新概念。The economic behavior of peasants is an academic issue with important theoretical significance internationally. According to the achievements of Chinese and foreign scholars, there are there main inter- pretations of modern Chinese peasants＇ economic behavior. First, as rational peasants, they pursued benefit maximization. Accordingly, modern Chinese rural economy and peasants＇ living standard were rising. Sec- ond, what they did was for making a living and utility maximization, which remained a reasonable economic behavior. There was a downward trend in modern Chinese rural economy and peasants＇ living level. Third, their behavior had double or multiple purposes such as living or making profits. Chinese rural economy and living level of the peasants were in a complicated situation with development and stagnation at the same time. Therefore, there should be case study of peasants between different times, regions, levels, and economic types. The existing economic rationality and subsistence ethic concept should be broken through, so as to make new theories and concepts with stronger applicability.

关 键 词：经济行为 求利 谋生 

分 类 号：F323.6[经济管理—产业经济]