滇池外海北岸封闭水域控养水葫芦对水质的影响  

Effects of confined growth of Eichhornia crassipes on water quality of the enclosed water in the north of Waihai of Dianchi Lakeed water in the north of Waihai of Dianchi Lake

作　　者：张志勇[1] 徐寸发 刘海琴[1] 张晋华[2] 杨光明 张迎颖[1] 韩亚平 李晓铭[5] 秦红杰[1] 闻学政[1] 严少华[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,南京210014 [2]南京理工大学环境与生物工程学院,南京210094 [3]江苏省漏湖渔业管理委员会办公室,常州213161 [4]昆明市滇池生态研究所,昆明650228 [5]昆明市环境监测中心,昆明650034

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2015年第2期195-200,共6页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：“十二五”滇池水专项(2012ZX07102-004-6);国家自然科学基金青年基金(41201533)项目资助~~

摘　　要：在滇池外海北岸污染严重的0.25 km2封闭性蓝藻治理试验示范区内控养水葫芦,以削减富营养化水体内源氮(N)、磷(P)等污染物,探讨有效改善湖泊水质的生物治理措施.6月底按9.30 kg m-2投放水葫芦种苗,控养面积2.51hm2,示范区水面覆盖度为10%.结果显示:水葫芦放养后生长迅速,特别是在7-9月份,最大生长速率达37 2.7 g m-2 d-1;整个植株干物质平均N、P含量分别为23.22 g kg-1和5.03 g kg-1,每t鲜重水葫芦吸收1.63 kg N、0.35 kg P,通过水葫芦种养示范工程,直接由示范工程水域吸收带走N 1.15 t、P 0.25 t;水葫芦生长期间(7-12月),种养区较对照区水体DO、SD和p H均有下降;水葫芦根系具有较好的吸附拦截浮游藻类效果,致使种养区水体TN、TP和CODMn浓度显著高于对照区(P<0.05),并与水体Chl-a浓度显著正相关(P<0.05);水葫芦采收后并未引起二次污染,水质无恶化趋势.综上认为,规模化控养水葫芦可显著削减水体N、P等内源污染负荷,同时对浮游藻类吸附拦截效果明显,可将其滞留于特定水域,又能吸收利用藻类衰亡释放到水体的污染物,减轻外部空白水域水质恶化的压力.In order to reduce the content of pollutants including N and P in the eutrophic water, and to explore effectivebioremediation measures to improve water quality of lakes, Eichhornia crassipes were confinedly grown in cyanoabacterial governance zone, an enclosed water area （0.25 km-2） near the north shore of Wai hai, Dianchi Lake. E. crassipes seedlings （9.30 kg m-2） were planted and covered 10% of the water area at the end of June. Results showed that E. crassipes grew rapidly after planting, especially from July to September, with a maximum growth rate as 372.7 g m-2· d-1 The percentage of N and P in the dry weight of the plant was 23.22 g kg-1 and 5.03 g kg-1, respectively. The amount of N and P absorbed by fresh E. crassipes was 1.63 kg and 0.35 kg per ton, respectively. By planting E. crassipes, all together 1.15 tons of N and 0.25 tons of P were taken away from the water of the demonstration project. During the planting period, parameters including DO, SD and pH were lower in the region with E. crassipes than those without. In terms of adsorption function, considerable cyanobacteria were intercepted by E. crassipes root mats, resulting in higher concentration ofTN, TP and CODM, in the area with E. crassipes than that without; the concentration of TN, TP and CODMn was positively correlated with that of chlorophyll-a. Secondary pollution was not found after the harvest of E. crassipes, and there was no deterioration of water quality. In conclusion, large-scale controlled planting of E. crassipes can absorb a large amount of nitrogen and phosphorus from water body; the absorption andinterception effect of planktonic algae is also obvious. E. crassipes can change the space distribution of planktonic algae and strand them in special water area, absorb pollutants released from dying planktonic algae, and slow down the deterioration of water quality in the region without E. crassipes.

关 键 词：滇池 水葫芦 富营养化 氮 磷 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]