中小型土壤动物对川西高山草甸枯落物分解的季节响应  

Seasonal responses of the soil meso-and microfauna to litter decomposition Seasonal responses of the soil meso-and microfauna to litter decomposition in alpine meadow of western Sichuan

作　　者：和润莲 陈亚梅[1] 邓长春[1] 杨万勤[1] 张健[1] 刘洋[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学生态林业研究所,长江上游生态安全协同创新中心,高山森林生态系统定位研究站,长江上游林业生态工程重点实验室,成都611130

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2015年第2期350-365,共16页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31200345);国家科技支撑计划课题(2011BAC09B05);教育部博士点基金项目(20115103120003);四川省教育厅重点项目(11ZA079);四川省科技厅应用基础项目(2012JY0047)资助~~

摘　　要：中小型土壤动物是土壤生态系统重要组成部分.为了了解川西高山草甸不同草本植物枯落物中土壤动物季节动态,利用凋落物网袋法,于雪被末期(5月初)和生长季末期(11月初)对6种草本植物残体中的中小型土壤动物群落进行了调查.结果显示,干漏斗(Tullgren)法共分离到中小型土壤动物871只,隶属1门4纲9目27类(科).雪被末期获得562只,隶属1门4纲7目14类群,其中以矮蒲螨科和美绥螨科为优势类群;生长季末期共获得309只,隶属1门4纲9目19类群,其中以丽甲螨科和舟蛾科为优势类群.川西高山草甸枯落物分解的中小型土壤动物群落结构具有显著的季节特征,多样性和类群数受季节变化的影响显著(P<0.05),且常见类群和稀有类群均发生明显变化.禾本类和阔叶杂草两类植物功能群的土壤动物群落多样性无显著差异(P>0.05).两个季节草本植物残体中土壤动物群落Sorensen相似性系数均低于0.5.草本各物种组成对土壤动物群落多样性的影响不显著(P>0.05).以上研究结果表明,川西高山草甸生态系统中,季节交替引起的环境因子变化,特别是日均温和枯落物含水量是影响中小型土壤动物群落结构的主要因素.Soil meso and microfauna are an important part of the soil ecosystem. In order to understand the seasonaldynamics of soil fauna in litters in the alpine meadow of western Sichuan on the Eastern Tibetan Plateau, a field experiment using litterbags was conducted to investigate soil mesoand microfauna in 6 kinds of herbaceous plants at the end of snowing season and the growing season. A total of 871 individuals of soil meso- and microfauna were collected, belonging to 1 phylum, 5 classes, 10 orders and 19 families. Among them 562 individuals of soil meso- and microfauna were collected at the end of snowing season, belonging to 1 phylum, 4 classes, 7 orders and 14 families, with Pygmephoridae and Ameroseiidae as dominant groups. At the end of growing season, 309 individuals of soil meso- and microfauna were collected, belonging to 1 phylum, 4 classes, 9 orders and 19 families, Liacaridae and Notodontidae being the dominant groups. The result showed significant seasonal variation of the taxonomic composition and diversity of soil meso- and microfauna communities in litter decomposition of the western Sichuan alpine meadow ecosystem （P 〈 0.05）, with obvious changes in common groups and rare groups. Soil meso- and microfauna community diversity of grasses and broad-leaved weeds showed no significant difference （P 〉 0.05）. Sorensen similarity coefficients of soil animal community in two seasons were below 0.5 in the herbaceous plant litter. Herbaceous species composition did not show significant influence on soil meso- and microfauna community diversity （P 〉 0.05）. The results showed that the environmental factors caused by seasonal changes, especially the average daily temperature and the water content of litters, are the main influencing factors for soil meso- and microfauna community structure in the alpinemeadow ecosystem of western Sichuan.

关 键 词：中小型土壤动物 高山草甸 草本植物 枯落物分解 

分 类 号：S154.5[农业科学—土壤学]