放牧强度对小叶章草甸始牧期种群特征和营养成分的影响  

Effects of Different Grazing Intensity on Population Characteristics and Nutrients of Deyeuxia angustifolia Meadow in the Initial Grazing Stage

作　　者：王彦庆[1] 李冰[1] 牛壮[1] 贺文骅[1] 刘省勇[1] 孙岩[1] 崔国文[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学动物科学技术学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《中国草地学报》2015年第2期35-40,共6页Chinese Journal of Grassland

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项支持(201203007)

摘　　要：在小叶章草甸,以本地黄牛为试验动物,连续五年进行重度、中度和轻度放牧试验,以不放牧为对照。观测不同放牧强度对始牧期(5月15日)小叶章种群特征及营养成分的影响,并分析其变化规律。结果表明:随放牧强度增加,小叶章的高度、盖度和干草产量显著降低(P<0.05);与对照相比,重牧、中牧和轻牧的小叶章高度四年平均分别降低了22.95%、16.03%和7.54%,盖度分别降低了20.38%、12.25%和5.53%;干草产量分别降低47.35%、44.29%和35.81%;而小叶章密度在重牧区增加了3.02%,中牧和轻牧分别降低30.53%和36.34%。放牧年限对小叶章的株高和干草产量的影响不明显,但盖度和密度随放牧年限增加呈下降趋势。随着放牧年限的增加,小叶章的粗灰分、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量呈上升的趋势,粗蛋白和粗脂肪的含量呈下降的趋势。The experiment was conducted in Deyeua＇ia angustifolia meadow with local cattle for 5 years. Grazing intensities were heavy grazing, moderate grazing and light grazing, respectively. No graz ing group was used as a control group. The experiment aimed to observe the effects of different grazing intensities on the population characteristics and nutrients of D. angustifolia in the early stage of the follow ing grazing year （May 15th） and analyze the regulars of variation. The results showed that： with the in creasing of grazing intensity, the height ,vegetation coverage and hay yield of D. angustifolia were sig nificantly decreased （P〈 0.05）. Compared with CK, the height of D. angustifolia in HG, MG and LG, reduced by 22. 95%, 16. 03% and 7. 54% in average, respectively the vegetation coverage reduced by 20.38%, 12.25% and 5.53% in average, respectively; the hay yield reduced by 47.35%, 44.29% and 35.81% in average, respectively. But the density of D. angustifolia in HG areas increased by 3.02%, in MG areas and LG areas reduced by 30. 53% and 36.34%, respectively. Height and hay yield olD. angus- tifolia between different grazing years had no significant difference, but the vegetation coverage and densi ty of D. angustifolia tended to decrease with the increase of grazing years. Along with the increase of grazing years, the content of crude ash, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber of D. angustifolia both increased, and the content of crude protein and crude fat decreased.

关 键 词：三江平原 小叶章草甸 放牧强度 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]