蒸馏技术在石油炼制工业中的发展与展望  

Development and Prospect of Distillation Technology in Petroleum Refining Industry

作　　者：从海峰 李洪[1,2,3] 高鑫[1,2,3] 李鑫钢[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]天津大学化工学院,天津300072 [2]精馏技术国家工程研究中心,天津300072 [3]天津化学化工协同创新中心,天津300072

出　　处：《石油学报（石油加工）》2015年第2期315-324,共10页Acta Petrolei Sinica(Petroleum Processing Section)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(21176172和21336007);长江学者和创新团队发展计划基金项目(IRT0936)资助

摘　　要：以蒸馏过程强化与节能为背景,在对塔盘、填料、分布器等塔内件技术发展分析的基础上,总结了我国蒸馏过程的大型化技术在石油炼制工业中的应用与发展,提出了采用新型碳化硅泡沫材料在塔盘及填料上的应用可大幅度提升精馏效率的思路。通过将低温余热发电技术与蒸馏过程进行耦合,实现了对于蒸馏过程低品位热能的有效利用,结合热耦合精馏、热泵精馏、多效精馏技术等节能措施,蒸馏过程能量的使用与回收变得更加科学与全面。新型材料传质元件和低温余热发电技术的开发与应用使绿色蒸馏概念在石油炼制行业的发展更迅速、有效。Focused on the energy conservation and reinforcement of distillation process, a comprehensive analysis about the technology developments of tower internals was presented, including tower tray, structure packing and supporting. Meanwhile, the application and development of distillation technology in the field of petroleum refining industry were concluded here. Also, to be a new concept, the application of silicon carbide foam in manufacturing tower tray and packing made distillation process more efficient. Through coupling the low temperature cogeneration technology with the distillation process, it was possible to recycle the thermal energy with low temperature, which was wasted in the distillation process before, and to make the use of energy in the distillation process more scientific and exhaustive, as companied with thermal coupling distillation technology, heat pump distillation technology, multi-effect distillation technology and other energy saving technology. Benefiting from the mass-transfer element made by new material and low temperature cogeneration technology, the development of green distillation process will be more rapid and easier.

关 键 词：石油炼制 蒸馏 塔内件 绿色蒸馏过程 碳化硅泡沫 低温余热发电 

分 类 号：TQ028.31[化学工程]