不同灌水方式对砂姜黑土小麦中后期生长及产量的影响  

Impact of Different Irrigation Methods on Wheat Growth,Photosynthesis and Yield at Middle and Late Stage in Lime Concretion Black Soil

作　　者：张向前[1,2] 曹承富[1,2] 乔玉强[1,2] 杜世州[1,2] 赵竹[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]安徽省农业科学院作物研究所,安徽合肥230031 [2]安徽省农作物品质改良重点实验室,安徽合肥230031

出　　处：《华北农学报》2015年第1期225-232,共8页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：安徽省农业科学院院长青年创新基金项目(14B0202);国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAD07B08;2012BAD04B09;2011BAD16B06)

摘　　要：在人工防雨篷下研究了前期不同灌水处理对砂姜黑土小麦中后期生长、光合生理及产量的影响,以期为该区小麦增产和水分高效利用提供科学依据和理论帮助。结果表明,灌1水条件下小麦叶片长宽和单茎干物重随灌水日期的推迟呈先增加后下降的趋势,并以生育前期水分充足处理CK最高,W5100d(出苗后100 d灌水)处理次之,且总灌水量一致下小麦生育前期灌1水和灌2水效果间的差异不显著。生育前期适当推迟灌水日期有利于增加小麦生育中后期的叶面积指数和叶绿素含量,且灌浆中期W5100d处理的叶面积指数和叶绿素含量高于CK。小麦生育前期适当推迟灌水日期亦有利于降低植株蒸腾速率改善小麦光合特性,其中W5100d处理的光合速率比对照CK增加了11.4%。W5100d与CK处理的产量差异不显著,分别为6 955.40,7 102.67 kg/hm2,但两者产量明显高于其他灌水处理。相关分析表明,小麦叶片叶绿素含量、光合速率与单茎干物重和产量间皆呈直线显著正相关关系。研究得出,小麦生育前期适当延长灌水日期有利于改善小麦中后期生长发育、光合特性及产量,且总灌水量一致下灌水次数效果间的差异不显著。An experiment was conducted in an artificial rain protective shed to study the effects of prophase ir-rigation treatments on wheat growth ,photosynthetic physiology and yield in lime concretion black soil area ,so as to provide scientific basis and theoretical help for increasing wheat yield and using water efficiency in this area .The results showed that the leaf length and width of wheat and dry matter weight per stem had a change trend of initial increased and then decreased along with the postponement of irrigation date under the condition of irrigation water one time,and the values of the treatment of CK with adequate water supply at earlier growing stage were the high-est,and followed by the treatment of W5100d（irrigated when 100 days after seedling emergency ）,in addition,under the same total amount of irrigation water ,the difference between the effects of irrigation one time and two times at earlier growing stage of wheat were insignificant .To postpone the irrigation date reasonably at earlier growing stage can help to increase the leaf area index and chlorophyll content of wheat at middle and late stage ,and the leaf area index and chlorophyll content of the treatment of W 5100d were higher than that of CK at middle of filling stage .To reasonably postpone the irrigation date at earlier growing stage also can help to decrease plant transpiration rate and improve wheat photosynthetic characteristics ,when compared to CK,the photosynthetic rate of W5100d was increased by 11.4%.The difference in yields between W5100d and CK was insignificant,and respectively was 6 955.40, 7 102.67 kg/ha,but their yields were obviously higher than other irrigation treatments .Correlation analysis revealed＆amp;nbsp;that leaf chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate of wheat were significantly positively correlated to dry matter weight per stem ,yield with the shape of a straight line .All the findings demonstrated that reasonably postpones the irrigation date at earlier growing stage of wheat can help to improve wh

关 键 词：小麦 灌水方式 干物重 叶绿素 光合 砂姜黑土 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学] S512.01[农业科学—农业基础科学]