施氮量与花期水分胁迫对不同氮效率油菜产量性能及氮肥利用效率的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Application and Water Stress at Flowering Stage on Yield Performance Parameters and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Rapeseed with Different Nitrogen Use Efficiency

作　　者：邹小云[1,2] 刘宝林[1] 宋来强[2] 邹晓芬[2] 陈伦林[2] 熊洁[2] 李书宇[2] 官春云[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学油料作物研究所国家油料作物改良中心湖南分中心,湖南长沙410128 [2]江西省农业科学院作物研究所油料作物重点实验室,江西南昌330200

出　　处：《华北农学报》2015年第2期220-226,共7页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：国家油菜产业技术体系项目(CARS-13);国家科技支撑计划项目(2010BAD01B01);江西省农业科学院创新基金项目(2011CJJ012)

摘　　要：为了明确花期水分胁迫下施氮对油菜产量形成、产量性能及氮肥利用效率的影响,以2个氮高效基因型(Monty和湘油15)和2个氮低效基因型(R210和Bin270)为供试材料,在不同氮水平(低氮0.05 g/kg,中氮0.2 g/kg,高氮0.4 g/kg),研究了花期水分胁迫下氮肥对不同氮效率基因型油菜产量、产量性能及氮肥利用效率的影响。结果表明,水分胁迫明显抑制了油菜的产量、产量性能和氮素吸收利用能力;就不同施氮量看,少量或过量施氮影响油菜产量及产量性能,所有供试材料的单株角果数、干物质量、收获指数和产量在中氮(0.2 g/kg)处理效果表现最好;水分对油菜生长发育的影响大于氮素养分,氮高效基因型对水分胁迫具有一定的减缓作用;适量供氮能够减轻水分胁迫对油菜生长发育的影响,氮高效基因型较氮低效基因型对水分和氮素胁迫具有更强的适应性。The research related to effects of water stress on nitrogen fertilizer use efficiencies of different nitro-gen use efficiency genotypes of rapeseed is few. Four different NUE rapeseed cultivars with high N use efficiency （Monty and Xiangyou 15）as well as low N use efficiency（R210 and Bin270）,were used with three nitrogen ap-plications（0. 05,0. 2,0. 4 g/kg）. Pot experiment was conducted in greenhouse to determine the effects of nitrogen application and water stress at flowering stage on yield performance parameters and nitrogen use efficiency of differ-ent nitrogen use efficiency genotypes of rapeseed. The results showed that the growth of rapeseed was obviously in-hibited,the yield,yield performance parameters and nitrogen use efficiency were significantly decreased under the water stress. Pod number per plant,dry matter amount,nitrogen harvest index and yield of all of the rapeseed in the MN（0. 2 g/kg ）treatment was higher than in LN（0. 05 g/kg）treatment and in HN（0. 4 g/kg）treatment with the different nitrogen rate because of nitrogen nutrient deficiency or excess salt stress. The effect of water to rapeseed growth was greater than the effect of nitrogen nutrients,high nitrogen use efficiency genotype rapeseed could slow the endanger of water stress to rapeseed growth. Suitable applying nitrogen under water stress could reduce the＆amp;nbsp;effects of drought on growth of winter rapeseed,Monty and Xiangyou 15 with high nitrogen use efficiency was more adaptable to water and nitrogen stress than R210 and Bin270 with low nitrogen use efficiency.

关 键 词：油菜 氮肥用量 水分胁迫 产量 氮效率 

分 类 号：S143.1[农业科学—肥料学]