沼液净化沉淀污泥制备颗粒肥料及其缓释特性研究  

Producing Granular Fertilizer from Precipitate of Biogas Slurry and Its Slow-Release Characteristics

作　　者：张文艺[1] 郑泽鑫[1] 韩有法[1] 占明飞 

机构地区：[1]常州大学环境与安全工程学院,江苏常州213164

出　　处：《中国沼气》2015年第2期58-63,共6页China Biogas

基　　金：江苏省自然科学基金(BE2012640);"十二五"国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项基金(2012zx07301-001)

摘　　要：针对猪场沼液净化沉淀污泥产生量大、氮磷含量较高、难以处置的问题,笔者以沼液净化沉淀污泥为原料,以聚乙烯醇和淀粉为助剂,制备了聚乙烯醇包膜肥、淀粉包膜肥、聚乙烯醇粘结肥、淀粉粘结肥等4种颗粒状缓释有机肥料,分别研究了水浸条件下4种颗粒状缓释肥的氮、磷缓释特性,从肥料基核、制备工艺及助剂、土壤环境3个方面解析了4种颗粒肥的氮、磷缓释机理。结果表明:聚乙烯醇粘结肥料保肥性最好,1 d的氮、磷溶出率最小分别可达2.5%和7.8%,淀粉粘结肥料保肥性较差,1 d的氮、磷溶出率最大分别可达5.6%和13.2%;模拟植物吸收28 d的氮、磷溶出率最大分别可达33.3%和40.4%。氮、磷养分释放指标均符合《缓控释肥料(HG/T 3931-2007)》评价标准要求。农作物生长特性对比分析表明,除淀粉粘结颗粒肥不适宜水稻田,聚乙烯醇粘结颗粒肥不适宜旱地农作物外,其余的均适宜于长江中下游地区的水田、旱地、果园、茶园等农作物的增肥。本研究对于猪场沼液净化沉淀污泥的资源化利用具有一定的理论意义和实用价值。The precipitate quantity of biogas slurry during the purification is large, and contains large amount of nitrogen and phosphorus. In this paper, the precipitate of biogas slurry was processed to produce four kind of granular fertilizer by pelyvinyl alcohol and starch as accessory ingredient, i.e. pelyvinyl alcohol coated granular fertilizer, starch coated granular fertilizer, polyvinyl alcohol adhersived granular fertilizer, and starch adhersived granular fertilizer. The flow-release charac- teristics and release mechanism of nitrogen and phosphorus of four kinds of granular fertilizer were investigated in water en- vironment. The results showed that the polyvinyl alcohol adhosived granular fertilize had the best nutrient preserving capa- bility, its dissolution rate of nitrogen and phosphorus in 1 day could be less than 2.5% and7.8% respectively, and that of starch adhosived granular fertilize were 5.6% , 13.2% respectively. The 28 days simulated nitrogen and phosphorus ab- sorption by plant showed that the nitrogen and phosphorus dissolution was 33.25% and 40.4% respectively, which meet the standard request for nutrients release of granular fertilizer （HG/T 3931-2007）. Analysis of crop growth characteristic comparison showed that, with the exception of starch adhesive granular fertilizer not suitable for paddy field, polyvinyl alco- hol adhesive granular fertilizer not suitable for dry land, the others were suitable for paddy fields, dry land, and gardens in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze region.

关 键 词：净化污泥 颗粒缓释肥料 缓释机理 肥料基质 破裂扩散机制 

分 类 号：S216.4[农业科学—农业机械化工程]