全氟辛烷磺酸/全氟辛酸替代物——新型含氟表面活性剂的研究进展  

Progress of new fluorinated surfactants alternatives for PFOA/PFOS

作　　者：陈龙[1] 陈文亮 赵景平 刘锐[1] 陈爱民[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江工业大学化学工程学院,浙江杭州310032 [2]金华永和氟化工有限公司,浙江金华321075

出　　处：《化工进展》2015年第5期1412-1421,1439,共11页Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress

摘　　要：全氟辛烷磺酸/全氟辛酸(PFOA/PFOS)由于存在有争议的环境污染和生物蓄积等问题,已经成为全世界关注的焦点之一,寻找能够替代PFOA/PFOS的新型含氟表面活性剂具有重要的意义。本文综述了可能替代PFOA/PFOS新型含氟表面活性剂的合成路线和方法,并按照分子结构进行了分类,着重介绍了以下4类:1端基为CF3O或(CF3)2N系列表面活性剂;2短氟链系列表面活性剂;3基于VDF或TFP系列表面活性剂;4全氟聚醚系列表面活性剂;同时对4类新型替代物的表面活性、生物降解性及在乳液聚合中的应用进行了归纳总结。目前PFOA/PFOS替代物的研究趋势,主要朝着降低含氟表面活性剂中氟元素比例、含减少氟链"有效长度"及插入N、O等杂原子等方向发展,使得新型含氟表活性剂更易降解、更环保、更安全。There are increasing debates about the problem of PFOA/PFOS in environmental pollution and bioaccumulation,which has become the focus of attention of the world. It has vital significance to look for novel fluorinated surfactants to replace PFOA/PFOS.The synthesis methods of new possible fluorinated surfactants alternatives of PFOS/PFOA are reviewed and categorized according to the characteristics of molecular structures. Four categories of alternatives：（1） surfactants including either a CF3 O or（CF3）2N end-group;（2） surfactants containing short fluorined chain;（3） surfactants based on VDF or TFP;（4） surfactants from fluorinated polyethers,are presented. Meanwhile,surface activity,biodegradability and application in emulision polymerization of four categories of alternatives are discussed. Preliminary analysis indicates that the current research trends of PFOA/PFOS alternatives mainly reduce the ratio of fluorine,shorten fluorine-containing chain ＂effective length＂,and insert N or O heteroatom in the fluorinated surfactants,so that the novel fluorinated surfactants are more degradable,more environmentally friendly,and safer.

关 键 词：全氟辛烷磺酸/全氟辛酸 含氟表面活性剂 替代物 

分 类 号：TQ423.4[化学工程]