基于仿真的三级供应链成本优化  

Cost Optimization in Three-echelon Supply Chain: Research and Application of Simulation-based Optimization

作　　者：王虹森 贾素玲[1] 闫志华[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学经济管理学院,北京100191

出　　处：《工业工程》2015年第2期51-58,65,共9页Industrial Engineering Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(71101005)

摘　　要：针对供应链这种非线性和复杂系统,为了优化供应链的总成本,提高供应链的整体竞争力,提出了一种基于仿真的优化方法。首先建立了一个三级协作供应链的系统动力学模型,供应链上的企业需要求解多个决策变量来降低供应链总成本。然后详细展示了将系统动力学模型转换为Matlab程序模型的过程,并在两个模型中使用了多组随机参数进行对比验证。最后设计了适当的遗传算法进行求解。结果表明,这种基于仿真的优化方法不仅能反映出供应链系统的动态特征,而且求解速度快、精度高,能有效解决供应链系统中的单目标或多目标规划问题。系统动力学模型结构相对固定,也不适合异构的交互环境,该方法给系统动力学模型提供了良好的补充。转换为Matlab程序模型后,可以进行深入的仿真研究,灵活设置目标函数和约束条件,详细分析系统的动态变化过程,还能为其它应用提供交互接口。A supply chain system is a non-linear and complex system. In order to optimize the total cost of a supply chain to enhance overall competitiveness, a simulation-based optimization approach was raised. Firstly, the System Dynamics model of a three-echelon collaborative supply chain was built. In order to minimize the total cost, enterprises in this supply chain needed to solve some decision variables. Second- ly, the processes about converting the system dynamics model to a Matlab program model were minutely shown. Some groups of stochastic parameters were used to verify the converting processes. Finally, an ap- propriate Genetic Algorithm was applied to obtain some satisfactory solutions. The results show that this simulation-based optimization approach could not only display the dynamic characteristics of a supply chain, but also solve the problem fast with a high accuracy. It could effectively solve single-objective or multi-objective programming problems in supply chains. A system dynamics model has a relatively fixed structure and does not adapt to a heterogeneous interactive environment. This approach supplements a sys- tem dynamics model. The converted Matlab program model could be deeply simulated and studied. Objec- tive functions and constraints could be flexibly defined. Dynamic changing processes of the system could be minutely analyzed and interactive interfaces to other applications also provided.

关 键 词：物流系统 三级供应链 基于仿真的优化 系统动力学 遗传算法 

分 类 号：F253.4[经济管理—国民经济] TP391.9[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]