彩色马蹄莲大小孢子发生及雌雄配子体发育的研究  

Megasporogenesis,Microsporogenesis and Development of Male and Female Gametophytes in Zantedeschia Hybrid

作　　者：卫尊征[1] 熊敏[1] 欧先梅 韩烨[1] 王贤[1] 周涤[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京市农林科学院蔬菜研究中心,农业部华北地区园艺作物生物学与种质创制重点实验室,农业部都市农业(北方)重点实验室,北京100097 [2]贵阳医学院基础医学院,贵州550004

出　　处：《上海交通大学学报（农业科学版）》2015年第2期18-26,共9页Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University(Agricultural Science)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(31301803);北京市自然科学基金青年项目(6144021);北京市农林科学院青年科研基金项目(QNJJ201403);北京市农林科学院科技创新能力建设专项(KJCX2014111);北京地区花卉生产优势品种育种研发项目(YLHH201400107);北京市科技计划项目(D131100000313002)

摘　　要：2n配子介导的有性多倍化已成为目前我国彩色马蹄莲的主要育种方法,但其进一步应用却受到对彩色马蹄莲生殖生物学特点缺乏了解的严重限制。本研究以"京彩阳光"为材料,利用石蜡切片技术对其大小孢子发生和雌雄配子体发育进行显微观察。结果显示:(1)花药具4囊;花药壁为基本发育型,具变形绒毡层;小孢子母细胞经减数分裂形成左右对称型四分体,胞质分裂为连续型,成熟花粉为二细胞型。(2)胚珠倒生,双珠被,厚珠心;大孢子母细胞经减数分裂形成线性四分体,珠孔端3个大孢子退化,合点端的1个发育成功能大孢子,并经3次有丝分裂形成8核蓼型胚囊。(3)雌蕊先于雄蕊发育且同步性较好;大小孢子及雌雄配子体发育之间以及与花蕾形态之间具有相关性。最后,对该品种的2n雌雄配子诱导有效时期和方法进行了探讨分析,这将为今后探索彩色马蹄莲多倍体育种新方法和新途径提供技术支持和理论依据。Despite sexual polyploidization via 2n gametes nowadays has become an effective breeding approach for Zantedeschiain China,its further applications were greatly hindered by our poor knowledge on Zantedeschia reproductive biology features.Traditional paraffin section technique was employed to investigate the microsporogenesis,megasporogenesis and development of female and male gametophytes of Zantedeschia hybrid‘Jingcai Yangguang＇.The results indicated that（1）The anthers are 4-sporangiate.The anther wall is defined as basic development type with amoeboid tapetum.The isobilateral tetrads are produced by meiosis before successive cytokinesis at microspore mother cells stage.The mature pollen grains are 2-celled.（2）The ovule is defined as anatropous and crassinucellate with double layers integument.One of a linear tetrad at chalazal portion becomes functional and forms 7-celled or 8-nucleateembryo sac of polygonum type following three consecutive divisions.（3）The development of gynoecium initiates earlier and keeps relatively better synchronicity than androecium.There is close relationships between the development stages of megasporogenesis,microsporogenesis,male gametophytes,female gametophytes and buds morphological feature.Furthermore,we analyzed and discussed impact of the induction time and methods on production of 2nfemale and male gametes,which will be extremely helpful for exploring new ways in future Zantedeschiapolyploidy breeding.

关 键 词：彩色马蹄莲 大小孢子的发生 雌雄配子体发育 多倍体育种 

分 类 号：S682.264[农业科学—观赏园艺]