日本行政系统的转换和行政不服审查法的“现代化＂  

Transfer of Administrative System and Modernization of Administrative Review in Japan

作　　者：本多滝夫 江利红[2] 教授 

机构地区：[1]日本龙谷大学,日本京都6128577 [2]华东政法大学,上海201620

出　　处：《行政法学研究》2015年第3期3-18,共16页ADMINISTRATIVE LAW REVIEW

摘　　要：2014年6月日本修改了《行政不服审查法》,此次修改的主要目的是为了解决以往行政不服审查制度中存在的缺乏公正性的问题。新导入的审理员制度以及行政不服审查会制度促进了公正性的提高,但是仍然存在着审理员的独立性、中立性的制度性确保并不充分、审理员的意见书以及行政不服审查委员会的答复并不能充分拘束不服审查机关的判断等问题。《行政不服审查法》的修改不仅仅是应对不服审查制度在构造上的问题,而且也应当以应对行政系统的转换即以"现代化"作为目的。但是,与事前的行政程序制度以及行政诉讼制度的竞合甚至是抵触,妨碍了行政不服审查制度的"现代化"。妨碍这次行政不服审查制度彻底改革的原因在于各种制度背景之下的传统的概念、思考框架等。而是否能够成功地解决缺乏公正性的问题,取决于审理员以及行政不服审查委员会委员的任用的实践。行政不服审查制度与行政诉讼制度之间的竞合、抵触就会朝着有助于寻求救济者的方向上调整。行政不服审查制度与事前的行政程序制度的竞合、抵触问题依据权利保护与权利救济之间的相互浸透性、补充性,可以通过重置性调整得到解决。In June 2014, the Administrative Review Act in Japan was amended for the issue of lacking impartiality. Although the introduction of the investigator and investigating committee systems improves the impartiality, but there are still many problems, such as insufficient guarantee of the investigators＇ independence and neutrality, and the insufficient binding of the review trial by the investigators＇ opinions or the investigating committee＇s answer. So the amendment should not only focus on the structure, but also its ＇modernization＇. However, the competition and cooperation, even conflict, with the administrative procedure system in advance and the administrative litigation system prevent its ＇modernization＇. The root if such prevention is the traditional concept, idea and structure under different systems. And the successful solution of lacking impartiality depends on the practice of the investigator and investigating committee systems. By this, the above competition and cooperation, even conflict, with the administrative litigation system will go to de direction helpful for those who seek relief. And the above competition and cooperation, even conflict, with the administrative procedure system in advance will be solved by resetting adjustment according to the mutual permeability and supplementary between right protection and right relief.

关 键 词：行政诉讼 行政主体与行为形式的多样化 制度间的竞争 制度间的竞合 

分 类 号：D931.3[政治法律—法学] DD915