番茄盛果期根系层土壤水分变化规律研究  

Research on Transformation Laws of Soil Water in Tomato Root System Layer during Full Bearing Period

作　　者：张军[1,2] 范兴科[1,3,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [2]国家节水灌溉杨凌工程技术研究中心,陕西杨凌712100 [3]西北农林科技大学水保所,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2015年第4期1-5,9,共6页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划(“863”计划)项目“作物需水信息采集与智能控制灌溉技术”(2011AA100509)

摘　　要：为了解温室番茄根系层土壤水分变化规律与根系之间的关系,采用TREME水分传感器测定了番茄盛果期根系层距植株不同水平距离不同土层的土壤含水率,同时测定了番茄盛果期不同阶段根的长度及数量,研究了土壤含水率在水平方向及竖直方向随时间的变化规律。同时根据番茄根系层土壤含水率等值线分布图及根系层土壤含水率低值区,分析了根系层土壤含水率变化规律与番茄根系分布间的关系。结果表明：番茄盛果期由于耗水量较大,根系得到较大发展,总根数及最长根长度均呈递增趋势,根系吸水范围扩大,主根系长度主要集中在5～20cm。盛果期0～30cm土层土壤含水率变化明显,地表以下15～25cm距植株0～10cm范围内最易出现土壤水分低值区,且随时间的推移,土壤水分低值区向外逐渐扩展。根系密集分布区易形成土壤水分低值区,根系的分布范围与土壤水分的明显变化区域具有较好的一致性,番茄根系附近的土壤水分状况可作为确定灌水量和灌水时间的依据。The moisture transducer TREME is used to measure soil water capacity in different soil layers and different distances from the plant in tomato full bearing period to understand the relationship between soil water transformation laws and roots system in tomato soil layer in greenhouses.Meanwhile,the length and amount of tomato roots are measured in different stages in full bearing period to study the transformation laws of soil water in tomato root layer in horizontal and vertical directions.What＇s more,the relationship between soil water transformation laws and tomato roots spatial distribution are analyzed through the contour map of soil water and low soil water capacity area in tomato root soil layer.The results show that because of the water consumption in tomato full bearing period huge,tomato roots develop quickly.Both the total root number and the length of the longest root show a climbing trend and the range of area where water absorbed by roots also extends.The length of main roots mainly distributes in the 5～20centimeters range.During full bearing period,soil water capacity in 0～30centimeter soil depth fluctuates significantly.The areas of15～25centimeters underground and 0～10centimeters from the plant are the most possible area for low soil water capacity to appear and will extends outward with time passing by.The root distribution range is in accordance with significant change area of soil water capacity.The soil water condition near tomato roots can provide basis for how much water is needed to irrigate and when to irrigate.

关 键 词：番茄 盛果期 土壤含水率 根系 

分 类 号：S27[农业科学—农业水土工程]