贵州喀斯特山区土地利用格局变化及土壤侵蚀效应——以大方县为例  

Land use pattern changes and the effects on soil erosion in Guizhou Karst mountain——A case study in Dafang county

作　　者：黄启芬[1] 

机构地区：[1]贵州师范大学地理与环境科学学院,贵州贵阳550001

出　　处：《贵州师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2015年第2期18-23,共6页Journal of Guizhou Normal University：Natural Sciences

摘　　要：喀斯特山区生态脆弱,土壤侵蚀将导致严重的土地退化和生态破坏.以2000年、2010年大方县土地利用矢量数据和土壤侵蚀遥感调查数据作为主要信息源,基于GIS技术和数理统计方法,分析大方县2000～2010年土壤侵蚀和土地利用的动态变化特征;计算并对比2000年,2010年不同土地利用类型的土壤侵蚀强度指数,反映土地利用变化对土壤侵蚀的影响.结果表明：研究区土地利用类型以林地、耕地和草地为主,且耕地面积减少,林、草地和水域用地面积增加;土壤侵蚀以微度侵蚀为主,面积明显增加,主要来自于轻度、中度和强烈侵蚀;不同土地利用类型下的土壤侵蚀强度大小为：耕地＞草地＞未利用地＞林地＞建设用地＞水域.2000～ 2010年,大方县土地利用格局变化向有利于水土保持的方向发展,土壤侵蚀强度减弱.The ecosystems of Karst mountain is fragile,soil erosion will result severe land degradation and ecological damage.This paper selected landuse vector data and soil-erosion remote sensing survey data in 2000 and 2010 of Dafang County as the primary information source,using GIS technology and statistical methods,to analysis the dynamic characteristics of soil erosion and land use in Dafang County from 2000 to 2010; to calculate and contrast soil erosion intensity indexes of different landuse types which reflect the impact of landuse change on soil erosion.The results showed that：Woodland,farmland and grassland were the main landuse types.The arable land reducted while the grassland,forest land and water increased.Micro erosion was main soil erosion level.Micro-degree erosion area increased significantly,and mainly from the mild,moderate and severe erosion.Soil erosion intensity of different land use followed by：farmland ＞ grassland ＞ unused land ＞ woodland ＞ construction land ＞ waters.With the landuse pattern in Dafang County changing in the direction of being conducive to soil and water conservation,the soil erosion intensity tended to weaken from 2000 to 2010.

关 键 词：土壤侵蚀强度指数 土壤侵蚀 土地利用 动态变化 大方县 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]