轻简化育苗移栽方式对油菜生长发育和产量的影响  

Effects of simplified seedling and transplanting patterns on growth and development and yield of rapeseed

作　　者：熊洁[1] 李书宇[1] 邹晓芬[1] 邹小云[1] 陈伦林[1] 宋来强[1] 

机构地区：[1]江西省农业科学院作物研究所/农业部长江中下游作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,江西南昌330200

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2015年第2期317-321,共5页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家油菜产业技术体系项目(CARS-13);江西省科技创新团队资助项目(20115BCB29020)

摘　　要：为解决三熟制地区稻稻油茬口矛盾突出、劳动力短缺等问题,探索油菜轻简化育苗移栽技术,以常规育苗移栽方式为对照,研究穴盘育苗、免耕打穴定植、翻耕开行摆苗等轻简化育苗移栽方式对油菜株型、生物量和产量的影响。结果表明:免耕条件下,打穴定植处理的株高、一次有效分枝数、主花序有效角果数、生物量、单株有效角果数、产量比常规移栽处理显著或极显著减少,分枝高度略有增加,其中以穴盘苗打穴定植不覆土处理的产量降幅最小。翻耕条件下,开行摆苗处理的主花序有效角果数、单株有效角果数、产量比常规移栽处理显著下降。苗床苗常规移栽处理的产量最高,苗床苗开行摆苗处理的产量次之,穴盘苗开行摆苗处理的产量最低,但开行摆苗处理的移栽效率远远高于常规移栽。因此,综合来看苗床苗开行摆苗移栽技术在生产上具有一定的推广应用价值。To develop a simplified seedling and transplanting technique for rapeseed in rice-rice-rapeseed triple cropping region, three transplanting patterns including plug seedling, punching transplanting （punch first and then put the seedling in the hole） without tillage and seedling-laying transplanting with tillage, with conventional seedling transplanting as control, were adopted to study the effects of simplified seedling and transplanting patterns on plant type, biomass and yield of rapeseed. The results showed that, the plant height, number of primary branches, number of effective siliques on main inflorescence, biomass, number of effective siliques per plant and yield of rapeseed in punching transplanting without tillage treatment were less than those of conventional-transplanted rapeseed, however, the branch height was higher. In addition, the punching transplanting of seedling showed the smallest drop in yield. Compared with the conventional transplanting treatment, the seedling-laying transplanting with tillage treatment could decrease the number of effective siliques on main inflorescence, number of effective siliques per plant and yield. The yield of conventional seedling and transplanting treatment was the highest, followed by laying transplanting of with by seedling, and the yield of laying transplanting of plug seedling was the lowest. However, the transplanting efficiency of seedling-laying treatment was much higher than that of conventional transplanting treatment. In sumarry, laying transplanting of conventional seedling technique is applicable in the rapeseed production.

关 键 词：油菜 轻简化栽培 穴盘育苗 打穴定植 开行摆苗 

分 类 号：S565.404.5[农业科学—作物学]