化学催熟剂对套作大豆收获品质的影响研究  

Studies on the Effect of Chemical Ripeners on the Characteristics for Mechanized Harvesting of Relay Cropping Soybean

作　　者：舒凯[1] 孟永杰 梅林森[1] 刘卫国[1] 刘春燕[1] 杨峰[1] 雍太文[1] 杨文钰[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学农学院/农业部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,四川成都611130

出　　处：《大豆科学》2015年第2期264-270,共7页Soybean Science

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(2011CB100402);农业部大豆产业技术体系专项(CARS-04-PS19)

摘　　要：以耐荫品种南豆12为材料,在"玉-豆"带状套作模式下,研究了在R7前期、后期两个时间点喷施乙烯利、立收谷、克无踪3种化学催熟剂对大豆机收品质的影响。结果表明:在不同的喷施时间,3种催熟剂均能不同程度地促进大豆衰老、植株叶片脱落和各器官脱水干燥,这为套作大豆的机械化收获创造了有利条件。与对照相比,喷施乙烯利能显著促进叶片的脱落,且对产量影响最小,但籽粒脱水缓慢;克无踪次之;而立收谷在加速籽粒脱水方面效果最为明显,至第9天籽粒含水量即降至适宜机收的水平,比对照提前了9 d,但显著降低百粒重和平均单粒重。此外,3种催熟剂对大豆籽粒的油分含量、蛋白质含量和自然脱落无显著影响。因此,在套作大豆生产中,可以根据不同情况选用催熟剂,保证大豆的机械化收获。‘ Maize-Soybean＇ strip intercropping system is prevailing especially in Southwest China since 2000. Mechanized harvesting of relay cropping soybean is essential for further development of this system. In the present of study, shade-insensi- tive soybean cultivar ND 12 （Nandou 12） was employed under the ＂Maize-Soybean＂ strip intercropping system. The effect of three chemical ripeners including ethephon, diquat and paraquat, on the characteristics for mechanized harvesting of soybean were investigated during R7 stages, and consequently, these results provided the theory and technical basis for mechanized harvesting of relay soybean. The results revealed that, three kinds of chemical ripeners promoted leaves abscission, organs de- hydration and aging with varying degrees, which created the favorable conditions for the mechanized harvesting of relay crop- ping soybean. Compared with the control, ethephon significantly promoted leaves abscission, and not negatively affect the 100- grain weight and the weight per seed, but the dehydration rate was low; paraquat took the second place. Regard to the dehy- dration rate, diquat possesses the obvious effect. After 9 days spraying, tile water content in grains reduced to the level which fit tbr mechanized harvesting, and this data is ahead of 9 days compared to CK. However, diquat remarkably decreased the 100-grain weight and the weight per seed. Furthermore, our resuhs demonstrated that these three kinds of chemical ripene^s had no significant negative effect on soybean seed oil concentration, protein amount and the natural shedding. Therefore, in the relay cropping system, the diverse chemical ripeners ought to employ according to the different conditions, which ensure the smoothly of mechanized harvesting.

关 键 词：大豆 套作 化学催熟 品质 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]