圆盘式甜菜收获机自动导向装置的参数优化与试验  

Parameter optimization and test on auto guide device for disc type sugar beet harvester

作　　者：王方艳[1,2] 张东兴[2] 

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学机电工程学院,青岛266109 [2]中国农业大学工学院,北京100083

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2015年第8期27-33,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：农业部土壤-机械-植物系统技术重点实验室项目;校高层次人才科研基金(631429)

摘　　要：为了提高圆盘式甜菜收获机的对行收获质量,该文结合导向装置的结构及工作特点,分析了导向机构的受载及运动特性,得到了导向机构在运动过程中的加速度方程,并确定了影响导向对行效果的关键参数。采用响应面优化设计方法,建立了关键参数与导向损失率之间的数学模型,确定了较优的参数组合(弯角为145°,安装角为8°,水平长度为240 mm)。田间试验表明:导向装置可实现甜菜收获机的自动导向对行收获,收获损失率为5.12%,且满足甜菜收获机收获质量的行业标准(NY/T 1412-2007)。研究结果可为同类甜菜收获机的研发和单株块根作物的导向对行收获研究提供参考。Sugar beet is one of the most important sugar crops in China, which ranked second in terms of acreage, only after sugarcane. As a kind of seasonal operation, sugar beet harvesting in China is still mainly manual work, which constrains the further development of the sugar beet industry. Mechanized combine harvesting is the inevitable development trend of sugar beet harvesting. Guidance system is the major part of harvest machine, which can reduce the driver’s labor intensity and beet’s harvest damage in the harvest process. With the development of the technology of electronics, sensor and GPS guidance, the guide technology has been commercialized and applied to the field of agricultural equipment widely in the developed countries. The combine harvesting with the guide device is characterized by high automation and intelligence and advanced performance. However, the guide device is still in the stage of prototype development in China, and there is a great gap between domestic and advanced foreign technology. The research on beet’s guiding harvest is scarce, and this restricts the quality of beet digging and mechanization. To solve the problem of the guide on-row harvest of disc type sugar beet harvester, the structure and working mechanism of the guiding system were determined on the basis of analyzing the existing technology and the structure. And the key parameters relating to the performance of guide mechanism were obtained based on its operating conditions and mechanical structure. Combined with the disc type digging method, a guiding system integrating mechanical and hydraulic guide technology was designed to realize the digging along planting row, which mainly consisted of hydraulic steering and direction detection parts. In the process of automatic guide on-row harvest, beet profile was taken as orientation marker, and the information was obtained by guiding detect pole. The real-time direction adjustment was conducted by cylinder’s telescopic movement installed on traction frame, which made beet loc

关 键 词：农业机械 机械化 优化 收获机 甜菜 自动导向 

分 类 号：S225.72[农业科学—农业机械化工程]