玉米秸秆夹层改善盐碱地土壤生物性状  

Biological traits on corn straw interlayer in improving saline-alkali soil

作　　者：范富[1] 张庆国[1] 邰继承[1] 侯迷红[1] 孙德智[1] 王闪闪[1] 张佳楠[1] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古民族大学农学院,通辽028042

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2015年第8期133-139,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：内蒙古自然科学基金项目(2013MS0605);内蒙古民族大学科研创新团队支持计划资助项目(NMD1003)

摘　　要：为探索玉米秸秆夹层对盐碱地改良的效果,2008年自通辽市花吐古拉采集盐碱土进行玉米秸秆隔离层处理,2009年开始种植大麦,研究玉米秸秆造夹层对盐碱土中微生物数量、土壤酶活性、大麦生物性状及产量的影响。结果表明,玉米秸秆造夹层显著增加了(P<0.01)盐碱土中细菌、放线菌、真菌、亚硝酸细菌和纤维素分解菌的数量以及脲酶、蛋白酶、淀粉酶、纤维素酶和过氧化氢酶的活性,而降低了(P<0.01)盐碱土中多酚氧化酶的活性。随玉米秸秆用量增加,微生物数量增加(P<0.01),脲酶、蛋白酶、淀粉酶、多酚氧化酶的酶活性升高(P<0.01),而纤维素酶和过氧化氢酶的酶活性变化不明显。随玉米秸秆掩埋深度增加,微生物数量减少(P<0.01),蛋白酶活性降低(P<0.01),多酚氧化酶活性升高(P<0.01),其他酶活性变化不明显。随着时间的增加,盐碱土中微生物数量和酶活性显著增加(P<0.01)。各处理中A3B1(秸秆用量60 000 kg/hm2、掩埋深度10 cm)各种酶活性最高,产量达到1914 kg/hm2,是较优的玉米秸秆造夹层改良盐碱地的处理。该研究表明玉米秸秆夹层处理能够很好地改善盐碱地的生物性状。Many measures have been adopted to improve saline-alkali soil in recent years, but the effects of different measures have advantages and disadvantages. Water conservancy facilities improve quickly and effectively, but the cost is high. Chemical modifiers are palliatives and not conducive to the sustainable development. It is necessary to explore a better measure to improve saline-alkali soil. It is easy for crop straw to cut off the continuity of the capillaries and partition the phreatic evaporation. The salt accumulation has been prevented in the surface of soil and a good physical and chemical soil environment is created for the crops to the normal growth and development. And burying straw into soil also prevents the salt in the deeper soil to return to the surface layer. Tongliao City is the corn production base in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and even the whole nation. The corn planting area is more than 1 100 000 hm2 every year, and there is wide source and large storage capacity of corn straw. It is necessary to study the effect of corn straw interlayer on improving saline-alkali soil. In the experiment, corn straw interlayer was made in different soil depths （10,15 and 20 cm） and different dosages （30 000, 45 000 and 60 000 kg/hm2） using corn stalks in saline-alkali soil. The soil was collected from Huatugula, Tongliao City in 2008 and then the barley was planted in the soil from 2009 to 2011. The paper studied the microorganism number and the enzyme activity in saline-alkali soil, and the impact of corn stalk isolation layer on saline soil’s biological traits and barley yield. The results showed that the numbers of bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, nitrite bacteria and cellulolytic bacteria, and the activities of urease, protease, amylase, cellulase and catalase significantly increased （P〈0.01）, while polyphenol oxidase activity reduced in alkali soil with corn straw interlayer （P〈0.01）. With the increasing of corn stalks’ quantity, the numbers of microorganisms and the activiti

关 键 词：土壤 秸秆 微生物 盐碱土 玉米秸秆 夹层 土壤酶活性 

分 类 号：S156.4[农业科学—土壤学]