开封市麻疹疫苗强化免疫前后麻疹流行年特征分析  

Epidemiological characteristics of measles in epidemic years before and after measles vaccine supplement immunization activities in Kaifeng city

作　　者：黄昌红[1] 郭青艳[1] 梁月[1] 任丽君[1] 

机构地区：[1]开封市疾病预防控制中心,河南开封475000

出　　处：《中国热带医学》2015年第3期364-366,共3页China Tropical Medicine

摘　　要：目的分析开封市2010年麻疹疫苗（MV）强化免疫（SIA）前后麻疹流行年流行病学特征,探讨消除麻疹最佳防控措施。方法用描述流行病学方法对开封市麻疹流行年发病资料进行分析。结果开封市在2010年9月开展MV SIA前、后的2008年、2013年均为麻疹流行年,年报告发病率分别为17.40/10万、2.08/10万,SIA后2013年发病率较2008年下降了85.75%;除45~49岁外,其他各年龄组发病率均有大幅下降,SIA覆盖人群4~17岁无病例发生;两个流行年发病率均以〈1岁儿童最高,分别为410.73/10万、125.32/10万,20~30岁人群为发病的另一个小高峰。病例中有MV免疫史者前后分别占31.04%、25.64%;发病前7~21d有就诊史者前后分别为7.78%、66.67%。结论开封市2010年MV SIA后麻疹发病率大幅下降,有效压低了流行年高峰。提高人群MV免疫覆盖率是控制麻疹流行的有效措施。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles in epidemic years before and afterSupplementary Immunization Activity（SIA） of Measles Vaccine（MV） performed in 2010 in Kaifeng city and explore effectiveapproach for measles elimination. Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the data of measles intwo epidemic years before and after MV SIA. Results The annual incidence of measles in 2008 was 17.40/100 000,anddeclined to 2.08/100000 in 2013 after the SIA,declined by 85.75%.The incidence decreased drastically among all age groupsafter SIA except age group of 45-49 years.Cases were not observed among the immunization coverage group（4-17 years）.Themeasles had a highest incidence in children under one year old,being 410.73/100 000 in 2010 and 125.32/100 000 in 2013,respectively.Another epidemic peak was observed among age group of 20-30 years.Proportions for cases with immunity historybefore and after SIA were 31.04% and 25.64%,while the proportions were 7.78% and 66.67% for cases with immunizationhistory 7-21 days before illness. Conclusion The incidence of measles significantly decreased after the MV SIA performedin Kaifeng city in 2010, Immunization coverage rate of measles should be increased to prevent the prevalence of the disease.

关 键 词：麻疹 强化免疫 流行年 

分 类 号：R519[医药卫生—内科学]