婴幼儿轮状病毒感染性腹泻流行特征及免疫状况研究  

Epidemiological characteristics and immune status of diarrhea associated with rotavirus infection in infants and children

作　　者：易槐明[1] 胡建军[2] 樊海笑[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江省常山县疾病预防控制中心,浙江常山324200 [2]浙江省常山县人民医院,浙江常山324200

出　　处：《中国农村卫生事业管理》2015年第4期480-482,共3页Chinese Rural Health Service Administration

摘　　要：目的：掌握婴幼儿轮状病毒感染性腹泻流行特征及轮状病毒疫苗免疫状况,为制定防控对策提供依据。方法：以常山县人民医院报告的婴幼儿（0~3岁儿童）其他感染性腹泻的病例为研究对象,所有病例采用酶联免疫吸附试验法进行轮状病毒抗原检测,分析轮状病毒检出率、描述轮状病毒感染性腹泻病流行特征。并探讨免疫接种与轮状病毒感染性腹泻发病关联。结果：婴幼儿轮状病毒感染性腹泻发病率1.19%,婴幼儿其他感染性腹泻病人中轮状病毒检出率34.01%,11月至次年4月为轮状病毒检出率高峰时段;1~岁年龄组检出率最高。婴幼儿感染性腹泻病例轮状病毒疫苗接种率为38.54%,免疫接种一剂次者占98.69%。研究对象轮状病毒疫苗接种与轮状病毒感染性腹泻发病存在统计学关联（χ2=14.76,P〈0.001）;6~12月龄阶段接种轮状疫苗与发病的关联也有统计学意义（χ2=10.75,P〈0.001）。结论：常山县轮状病毒感染性腹泻病具有明显季节性和人群特征,与温州王金文、丽水丁友法等研究结果一致。婴幼儿轮状病毒疫苗接种对婴幼儿轮状病毒感染性腹泻有较好保护作用,婴幼儿在6~12月龄阶段接种轮状病毒疫苗保护效果最佳。Objective To know about the popular features and rotavirus vaccine immunization status of infant rotavir- us infectious diarrhea,so as to provide evidence for prevention and control countermeasures. Methods Other infectious diarrhea infants （0 to 3--year--old children） cases reported by Changshan Renmin Hospital were chosen as the re- search subjects. Enzyme--linked immunosorbent assay method was adopted in all cases to detect rotavirus antigen for detection rate and popular characteristics of rotavirus infectious diarrhea. And the association between immunization and onset of rotavirus infectious diarrhea was discussed. Results The incidence of rotavirus infectious diarrhea among infants and children was 1.19%,and the detection rate of rotavirus among infants and children with other infectious diarrhea was 34.01%. The peak session for highest detection rate of rotavirus was between November and April in the following year. The highest detection rate was in the 1-age group. The rate of vaccination was 38.54% ,with 98. 69% being one dose of immunization. The vaccination of the subjects of study was associated with infectious rotavirus diarrhea（X^2= 14.76,P〈0. 001）;rotavirus vaccination among infants of 6-12 months of age was also associated with the onset of such disease（X^2=10.75, P〈0. 001）. Conclusions Rotavirus infectious diarrhea in Changshan county has obvious seasonal and population characteristics, which is identical to the findings of two researchers,Wang Jinwen and Ding Youfa. Rotavirus vaccination plays a good protective role among infants and children,which achieved best results among those who had their vaccination during 6 to 12--month--old.

关 键 词：婴幼儿 轮状病毒 腹泻 免疫 

分 类 号：R725.1[医药卫生—儿科]