基因组编辑:植物生物技术的机遇与挑战  

Genome Editing :the Opportunities and Challenges for Plant Biotechnology

作　　者：程曦[1] 王文义[1] 邱金龙[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院微生物研究所植物基因组学国家重点实验室,北京100101

出　　处：《生物技术通报》2015年第4期25-33,共9页Biotechnology Bulletin

基　　金：中国科学院重要方向性项目(KSCX2-EW-N-06);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDB11030500)

摘　　要：基于序列特异性核酸酶的基因组编辑技术可以在不同物种中对目标基因进行定点敲除,并可实现特定基因片段置换,基因的定点插入等基因组靶向修饰。基因组编辑是一种精准和高效的基因工程方法,近年来快速发展并得到了广泛的应用,并将改变生物技术的现状。目前,基因组编辑在不同植物,特别是农作物中的技术体系已建立,初步展示了其在植物生物技术领域的巨大潜力。介绍了不同基因组编辑系统的工作原理,并对基因组编辑技术在植物研究中的应用及成功案例进行了综述,最后对基因组编辑在植物生物技术领域所面临的机遇与挑战进行了讨论。Genome editing based on sequence-specific nucleases could introduce targeted genome modifications, such as site-directed gene disruption, gene replacement or insertion in various species. As a preciseand efficient tool for genome engineering, genome editing has been extensively studied and widely applied during pastseveral years, and it would eventually change the current status of biotechnology. Genome editing system has now been established in plants, especially crops and already displayed its great potential in the field of plant biotechnology. In this review, we first briefly explain the working principles of different genome editing systems, and then list some examples of different applications of genome editing in plant research and breeding. Finally, we discuss the opportunities and challenges brought by genome editing to plant biotechnology.

关 键 词：序列特异性核酸酶 基因组编辑 植物基因工程 

分 类 号：Q943.2[生物学—植物学]