普通小麦-长穗偃麦草抗白粉病异代换系的分子细胞学研究（英文）  

Molecular Cytogenetic Identification of a Wheat-Thinopyrum ponticum Substitution Line with Powdery Mildew Resistance

作　　者：王小华[1] 陈春环[1] 王长有[1] 莫启波[1] 李浩[1] 吉万全[1] 

机构地区：[1]旱区作物逆境生物学国家重点实验室/西北农林科技大学农学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2015年第5期596-602,共7页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAD01B02-6)

摘　　要：禾本科布氏白粉菌引起的小麦白粉病是造成小麦显著减产的主要病害之一。小麦的野生近缘种植物十倍体长穗偃麦草(2n=10x=70)携带有抗白粉病基因。为了进一步研究长穗偃麦草携带的抗白粉病基因,本研究对普通小麦-长穗偃麦草异代换系A1-2-2-2进行形态学、白粉病抗性、细胞学、分子标记及原位杂交(GISH)鉴定分析。结果表明,A1-2-2-2在苗期和成株期均对白粉病表现为免疫;减数分裂中期染色体构型为2n=21Ⅱ;分子标记鉴定结果表明,A1-2-2-2可能缺失了1对普通小麦的6A染色体;原位杂交结果表明,A1-2-2-2可能携带1对来自十倍体长穗偃麦草的St染色体。综上所述,A1-2-2-2可能为小麦的6A染色体被长穗偃麦草的1对St染色体取代的异代换系。另外,A1-2-2-2表现为毛颖,而双亲均表现为光颖,推测光颖由6A染色体上的基因控制。Powdery mildew caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici （Bgt）, is one of the ma- jor diseases of common wheat （Triticum aestivum L. ）. Thinopyrum ponticum （2n= 10x= 70）, a wild relative of wheat, has been proved to carry powdery mildew resistance genes. A substitution line A1-2-2-2, obtained from the BC1F4 between common wheat eultivar 7182 and Th. ponticum, was immune to powdery mildew at seedling and adult stages. Cytological obser- vation showed that this line had 21 pairs of chromosomes. Partial bands of three SSR markers Xwmc256, Xwmc580 andXgpw7592 from chromosomes 6A were missing. Genomic in situ hy- bridization suggested that there may have a pair of St chromosomes in A1-2-2-2. A1-2-2-2 was suggested to be an alien disomic substitution of St （6A）. Furthermore, 7 182 and Th. ponticum had glabrous glume without pubescence, but A1-2-2-2 with short and dense glume pubes- cences, which suggested that the glume glabrous of 7182 might be controlled by gene（s） on chromosomes 6A. High level of disease resistance and genetic stability made A1-2-2-2 a poten- tial germplasm for wheat improvement.

关 键 词：小麦 长穗偃麦草 异代换系 白粉病 原位杂交 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S332