撒拉族社会组织“工”的词源考释  

An Etymological Study of the Salar Social Organization“Gang”

作　　者：马伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]青海民族大学民族学与社会学学院

出　　处：《西北民族研究》2015年第2期129-134,153,共7页Journal of Northwestern Ethnic Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目"族群互动与语言接触--撒拉语的人类学研究"(12BYY037);阿不都热西提.亚库甫教授主持的国家社科基金重大项目"中国突厥语族诸语言词源研究"(11&ZD130)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：作为一种社会组织,"工"在撒拉族历史上发挥了非常重要的作用。撒拉族地区有"撒拉八工外五工"的说法。关于"工"的来源与解释,有各种不同的观点。根据民族学、历史学材料,运用语言学的研究方法,本文对撒拉族"工"的名称来源进行了新的阐释,提出"工"来源于汉语,原意为"工区",后发展为相当于乡一级的行政区划的观点。"工"是清王朝加强对撒拉族地区统治的产物。正确分析"工"的词源,无论是对了解撒拉族社会文化,还是理解清朝王朝如何具体将"边疆"地区真正纳入其直接而有效的统治范围当中,都具有重要意义。as a kind of social organization, ＂Gang＂ has played a very important role in the Salar history. It is said that there are eight inner Gangs and five outer Gangs in the Salar area. There are different views on the origin and interpretation of the ＂Gang＂. Based on the ethnological and historical materials, and applying linguistic research methods, the author attempts to give a new interpretation about the etymology of the Salar word ＂Gang＂. The au- thor argues that the ＂Gang＂ was from Chinese, originally meaning ＂working area＂ and later obtaining a meaning of a township level of administrative district. The ＂Gang＂ came into being in the process of the Qing Dynasty＇s rule in the Salar area. It is important to interpret the etymology of the ＂Gang＂ correctly for understanding both the Salar culture, and the Qing Dynast＇s efforts to unite the ＂frontier＂ under its direct and effective ruling area.

关 键 词：撒拉族 社会组织 “工” 词源 

分 类 号：C95[社会学—民族学]