论英国的结构改革与经济增长——对撒切尔结构改革及其影响的再解读  

Structural Reforms and Economic Growth in the UK:A Reappraisal of Thatcher's Structural Reform and Its Effects

作　　者：李罡[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院欧洲研究所

出　　处：《欧洲研究》2015年第2期60-80,6-7,共21页Chinese Journal of European Studies

摘　　要：在全球经济下滑、欧元区经济未能持续复苏的背景下,英国经济呈现出持续向好的趋势。从本质看,英国经济的强劲复苏是其长期推行结构改革的结果。英国早在撒切尔政府时期就开始了以市场化为核心的结构改革.不仅使其摆脱了长期滞胀的局面,还为后来的经济增长奠定了良好的基础。无论是保守党继任者还是工党继任者都延续和巩固了撒切尔市场化改革的基本方向和基本原则。长期的结构改革使英国的劳动力市场更加灵活、产品市场更具竞争性、税收制度更有激励性。本文运用OECD的结构改革指标对英国当前的经济增长环境进行评估与比较,以验证其结构改革的长期经济效应。从对英国结构改革历程的梳理和长期经济效应的评估中可以发现,推进以提升增长能力和经济效率为目标的结构改革才是欧洲国家实现真正复苏和持续增长的根本之策。Despite the global economic downturn and the Eurozone's weak recovery,the UK's economy has seen a rapid recovery and stable growth in the past years.In essence,Britain's robust recovery should be attributed to the long-term structural reforms dated back to the period of the Thatcher Administration,which not only pulled Britain out of stagflation,but also laid a sound foundation for its subsequent long-lasting growth.Both the Conservative and Labour successors have been sticking to the basic principles and directions inherent in Thatcher's market—oriented reforms and trying to promote the reform process further.The long—term structural reforms have finally created a more flexible labour market,more competitive product market and more incentive tax system.To verify the effects of the UK's long-term structural reforms,this paper uses the OECD's structural indicators to measure the current market environment in the UK and makes a comparison between it and the other European countries' growth environment.It can be concluded that only by structural reforms aimed at enhancing the growth ability and economic efficiency could the European countries achieve true recovery and sustainable growth.

关 键 词：英国 结构改革 经济增长 撒切尔政府 新自由主义 

分 类 号：F156.1[经济管理—世界经济]