高浓度CO_2对树木生理生态的影响研究进展  

Research advance in effect of elevated CO_2 on eco-physiology of trees

作　　者：徐胜 陈玮[1] 何兴元[1,2] 黄彦青[1] 高江艳 赵诣[1] 李波[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所森林与土壤生态国家重点实验室,沈阳110016 [2]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,长春130012

出　　处：《生态学报》2015年第8期2452-2460,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31170573;31270518);国家科技支撑项目(2012BAC05B00);国家水专项基金(2012ZX07202-008)

摘　　要：大气CO2浓度升高已成为世界范围内的重要环境问题。CO2浓度升高势必会对植物的生理生态变化产生重要影响。综述了国内外有关高浓度CO2对树木生理生态影响研究的最新进展,具体包括高浓度CO2对树木生长发育、光合和呼吸作用、抗氧化系统、树木代谢物质、挥发性有机化合物以及树木凋落物等方面的影响。高浓度CO2一般会促进树木地上植株的生长和发育,但也因树种差异而有所不同。最新研究表明,高浓度CO2促进了树木细根周转,树木根系生长在大气CO2浓度升高条件下表现为促进作用,这种作用加快了全球森林生态系统的C循环。高浓度CO2虽然在一定程度上促进树木光合速率的增加,但长期熏蒸也往往会发生光合驯化,这种现象产生的生理学机制目前仍无定论。高浓度CO2对树木呼吸作用尤其是根系呼吸的影响将是未来研究的重点和难点。高浓度CO2一般会提高树木抗氧化酶活性与抗氧化剂含量,但不同树种响应高浓度CO2的过程和机理也有所差异。研究表明,高浓度CO2一般对树木凋落物的分解产生不利影响,但也因树种而异。需要强调的是,目前关于树木地下部分、树木对高浓度CO2的适应机理和重要过程(碳氮水耦合及基因调控等)以及多个树种包括不同类型树种及不同品种之间比较研究较少;关于某一重要生理生态机制(如根系生理代谢)尤其是多个生态因子复合条件下缺乏长期深入的研究。在此基础上给出了大气CO2浓度升高下树木生理生态学研究的未来发展方向,包括高CO2浓度条件下树木根系生理代谢及机制、树木碳氮水耦合的生理过程及机制、不同生态因子复合作用对树木生理影响机制以及树木分子作用机理等方面的研究。这些研究不仅将丰富森林树木应对未来气候变化的有关科学理论,也为全球气候变化背景下实现森林树种生态功能的优化选择�Rising atmospheric CO2 concentration has been regarded as a key expected to influence changes in plant eeo-physiology. The research advances on tree eco-physiology were reviewed： this included the effects of elevated CO2 on global environmental problem today： it is the effects of elevated CO2 concentration on growth and development, photosynthesis and respiration, antioxidative systems, volatile organic compounds （VOCs）, and litter decomposition of trees. Generally, elevated CO2 enhances the growth and development of trees and the results vary with tree species. The turnover in fine roots of trees was accelerated by elevated C02, which may play an important role in the cycle of global carbon in forest ecosystems. Elevated CO2 increases net photosynthetic rate for most tree species. However, photosynthetic acclimation in some tree species sometimes occurred under elevated CO2 concentrations, and it was still uncertain as to whether it revealed the physiological mechanism underpinning the occurrence of photosynthetic acclimation of trees to date. The effect of elevated C02 on root respiration of trees will be an important aspect of the study of forest ecosystems under a changing climate. The activities of antioxidative enzymes and the contents of antioxidants in trees were generally maintained at high levels under elevated CO2 concentrations. The process and mechanism of antioxidative system response to elevated CO2 concentration were associated with certain tree species. Although the adverse effect of elevated CO2 on the decomposition of tree litter has been observed in recent studies, it also depends on tree species. Numerous studies were ~focused on the apparent physiological responses of trees to elevated CO2. However, little is known about the physiological processes including coupling of carbon, nitrogen, and water, or gene regulation under elevated CO2 concentrations, particularly in the underground parts of trees. Many studies have been carried out based on individual plant levels, but there has bee

关 键 词：高浓度CO2 树木 生理生态 气候变化 光合作用 生理机制 

分 类 号：S718.4[农业科学—林学]