汉斯·摩根索的“国家利益”概念探究  

A Study on Hans J. Morgenthau's Concept of National Interest

作　　者：徐若琦[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学国际关系研究院,南京210093 [2]云南民族大学

出　　处：《国际论坛》2015年第3期50-57,81,共8页International Forum

摘　　要："国家利益"概念是摩根索政治现实主义理论的核心概念,它被视为难以捉摸的概念。摩根索关于"国家利益"的观点,可以放在弗里德里希·迈内克的"国家理由"观念的视野中来解读。从摩根索论及"国家利益"的文本中,可以发现理解摩根索"国家利益"观的门径。对这些文本的研究表明:摩根索赋予"国家利益"概念理论与实践双重功能;"国家利益"的构成要素包含相对永恒的要素与可变要素,以及物质性要素与非物质性要素。此外,摩根索的"国家利益"概念具有合理性、道德性与非排他性。重要的是,摩根索不否认"国家利益"包含国家追求的诸如自由、繁荣等终极目标,但是为了应对道德价值演变成意识形态的情势,他认为有必要暂时不涉及国家追求的终极目标。National interest is the core concept of Hans J.Morgenthau's political realism.Morgenthau's concept of national interest has been regarded as an elusive concept.This article tries to interpret Morgenthau's concept of national interest within the context of raison d'etat which Friedrich Meinecke has explored,and to find out the key to understanding Morgenthau's perspective on national interest from the relevant texts written by Morgenthau.The analysis shows that Morgenthau intends to grant the concept of national interest dual functions,i.e.,the theoretical and practical functions.And the content of national interest contains not only permanent and variable elements,but also material and nonmaterial elements.In addition,Morgenthau defines national interest in rational,moral and non-exclusive terms.Most importantly, Morgenthau does not deny that national interest may contain the ultimate aims,such as freedom and prosperity,sought by a nation,but he thinks it is necessary to be temporarily silent about the ultimate aims because moral values tend to become the ideological justifications.

关 键 词：摩根索 国家利益 国家理由 权力 道德原则 

分 类 号：D80[政治法律—政治学]