赣东北地区水稻土的有机质变化及其与产量和肥料利用率的相互关系  

Change in Soil Organic Matter Content and Its Relations with Rice Grain Yield and Fertilizer Use Efficiency in Paddy Soil of Northeastern Jiangxi

作　　者：余瑞新[1] 欧阳建平[1] 王端飞[2] 柳开楼[3] 夏桂龙[1] 李亚贞[3] 胡惠文[3] 

机构地区：[1]江西省邓家埠水稻原种场农科所,江西余江335200 [2]江苏中烟工业有限责任公司,江苏南京210019 [3]江西省红壤研究所/国家红壤改良工程技术研究中心/农业部江西耕地保育科学观测实验站,江西南昌330046

出　　处：《江西农业学报》2015年第5期42-45,共4页Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi

基　　金：江西省科技支撑计划资助(20141BBF60050);公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费资助(201203030和201003016);国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)子课题经费资助(2011CB100501-S06)

摘　　要：研究了赣东北地区11个试验地土壤有机质的变化,及其与产量和肥料利用率的相互关系。结果表明:该地区的水稻土有机质普遍偏低,其中土壤有机质30 g/kg以下的比例达62.7%。土壤有机质与CK、OPT处理的水稻产量相关性不显著,这可能与土壤性质有关。然而,水稻土的有机质含量与缺磷处理的水稻产量呈显著正相关,但与缺钾处理的产量则相关性不显著,表明土壤磷素是限制赣东北地区水稻产量的关键因子,因此,在有机质含量较低的水稻土上,增施磷肥是提高水稻产量的重要措施。土壤有机质含量与磷肥农学效益呈显著负相关,这说明在土壤有机质含量较低时,磷肥的施用对水稻的产量具有重要作用,而随着土壤有机质的提高,磷肥的利用效益呈逐渐下降的趋势。因此,在赣东北地区,磷肥的施用量应根据土壤有机质含量高低而做适当调整。We studied the change in paddy soil organic matter content and its relations with rice grain yield and fertilizer use ef- ficiency in 11 experimental fields of northeastern Jiangxi. The results showed that the organic matter content in paddy soil in this area was generally low, and there were 62.7% fields whose soil organic matter content was less than 30 g/kg. In CK and OPT treatments, there was no significant correlation between soil organic matter content and rice grain yield. However, there was a significantly posi- tive correlation between soil organic matter content and rice grain yield in OPT-P treatment, but this correlation was not significant in OPT-K treatment. Thus, increasing the application rate of phosphate fertilizer is an important measure to increase the grain yield of rice in paddy soil with lower organic matter content. The soil organic matter content was significantly negatively correlated with the agronomic efficiency of phosphorus fertilizer, indicating that the application of phosphorus fertilizer plays an important role in rice yield improvement when the soil organic matter content was relatively low. But phosphorus fertilizer use efficiency declined gradually with the improvement of soil organic matter content. Therefore, in the northeast area of Jiangxi province, the application rate of phos- phorus fertilizer should be properly adjusted based on the soil organic matter content.

关 键 词：水稻土 有机质 产量 肥料利用率 

分 类 号：S156.6[农业科学—土壤学]