松嫩平原西部气候和土地利用变化对蒸散的影响  

Effects of Climatic Change and Land Use/Cover Changeon Evapotranspirationin the Western Songnen Plain of Northeast China

作　　者：王洁[1] 董刚[1,2] 张峰[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]山西大学黄土高原研究所,山西太原030006 [2]山西大学生命科学学院,山西太原030006

出　　处：《山西大学学报（自然科学版）》2015年第2期375-384,共10页Journal of Shanxi University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：山西省回国留学人员科研项目(20100012);山西省自然科学基金项目(2013011037-1);科技部科技基础性工作专项(2011FY110300)

摘　　要：基于遥感数据,利用陆面能量平衡模型(SEBAL模型)反演了松嫩平原西部2001-2012年生长季16d日序数平均蒸散,分析了不同时期降雨和温度对蒸散的影响以及土地利用相互转化下蒸散的变化规律。结果表明:(1)2001-2012年间,松嫩平原西部生长季温度和降雨呈明显上升趋势,蒸散呈下降趋势;蒸散在日序数尺度上与温度和降雨显著正相关,在年尺度上与降雨显著负相关;非生长季11月至次年3月之间的降水和4月温度的升高有利于增加生长季初期(5月)蒸散量,而春末4月和5月的降水增加会降低生长季盛期(7-8月)的蒸散量。(2)松嫩平原西部不同土地类型多年生长季日均蒸散从高到低依次为:裸地、农田和草地;裸地、农田与草地相互转化主要发生在草地向农田、裸地向草地的转移;草地被人为开垦成农田初期蒸散较低,后期升高接近原生纯农田蒸散;而退耕还草后初期蒸散较高,后期降低且低于原生纯草地蒸散;草地退化为裸地后初期蒸散较低,后期升高接近纯裸地蒸散;而裸地恢复为草地后初期蒸散接近原生纯草地蒸散,后期降低并低于纯草地平均0.2mm/d。(3)气候变化和土地利用变化共同影响蒸散的趋势变化,其中草地受气候和土地利用变化同样程度的影响,而农田和裸地受土地利用变化的影响比气候变化大。Evapotranspiration is a major component of the water budget and energy cycle in the interface of soil-vegetation-air.This paper focused on the effects of climate change and human activity on evapotranspiration（ET）in the Western Songnen Plain of Northeast China by Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land（SEBAL）model based on the MODIS data.The results showed that（1）In 2001-2012,the temperature and precipitation of the growing seasons ascended distinctly in the Western Songnen Plain of Northeast China,whereas evapotranspiration was on the decline;ET was positively correlated with temperature and precipitation in the 16-day（interval）scales,while negatively correlated with precipitationin the interannual scales;the increase of ETin the early growing season（May）was attributed to a increasing precipitation in non-growing season（November to March）and a rising temperature in April.However,the increased precipitation in late Spring（April-May）was likely to reduce ET duringthe peak growing season（July-August）;（2）Mean daily ETof multi-year growing seasons under different land uses followed a descending order of bare land,cropland and grassland in the Western Songnen Plain of Northeast China where transforms occurred mainly from grassland to cropland and bare land to grassland.Cropland which was once grassland had a lower ETin the early stage of growing season in 2001-2005,and rose to the level of a cropland＇s in the 2006-2012.After returning farmland to pastures,ET was higher in 2001-2005,and fell below the grassland ETlevel in 2006-2012.The degraded grassland had a lower ETin 2001-2005 and an approximate bare land ETlevel in 2006-2012 when retrograded into bare land;The ET of grassland after restoration from bare land was low throughout 2001-2012,and 0.2mm/d below the raw grassland level later;（3）Both climate change and land use change had impacts on ET.Furthermore,climate change had same effect on grassland with land use change,whereas less effect on cropland and bare land.

关 键 词：蒸散 SEBAL模型 LUCC 气候变化 松嫩平原 

分 类 号：Q948.112[生物学—植物学] S161.4[农业科学—农业气象学]