天山北坡蟠桃越冬覆膜新法的效果评价  

Assessment on Effect of New Plastic-film Mulching Ways on Overwintering of Amygdalus persicavar.compressain Northern Piedmont of the Tianshan Mountains

作　　者：李银芳[1] 潘伯荣[1] 阿迪力.吾彼尔 沈青林 方桂娟 李奇 马洪亮 李翔 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [2]新疆阜康市林业局,新疆阜康831501 [3]新疆阜康市气象局,新疆阜康831501 [4]新疆奇台县气象局

出　　处：《北方园艺》2015年第9期23-27,共5页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：中国科学院院地合作科技支新资助项目(XBXJ-2011-042)

摘　　要：以12年生的蟠桃盛果园为研究对象,为应对-37℃的极端最低气温和长期低温,对蟠桃塑膜双层、单层和再生棉单层覆盖越冬的方法进行了比较分析。结果表明:塑膜双层比单层和单层再生棉覆盖优越。最低气温-33.2℃时,塑膜双层内温度为-8.1℃,再生棉单层为-13.8℃,而塑膜单层则为-19.7℃。经推测,在-37℃时,塑膜双层为-9.4℃,再生棉单层为-15.6℃,而塑膜单层则为-22.4℃,超过-22℃临界值,会出现冻害。塑膜双层覆盖不会造成减产和影响新枝条生长。塑膜双层覆盖的缺点是转暖期有升温过快的温室效应弊病,但可以采用放边通风降温和提前春灌融冻提墒来消除。With 12-year-old full productive gardern of Amygdalus persica var.compressaas research object,the ways of single-layer and bilayer plastic film and single-layer recycle cotton mulched for overwintering of Amygdalus persicavar.compressatrees were compared so as to protect the trees against the extremely minimum temperature of-37℃and longterm low temperature in Fukang City of Xinjiang in winter.The results showed that the heat preservation effect of bilayer plastic film was better than that of single-layer plastic film and single-layer recycle cotton.The temperatures under the bilayer plastic film,single-layer recycle cotton and single-layer plastic film were-8.1℃,-13.8℃ and-19.7℃respectively when the extremely minimum air temperature was-33.2℃.It was estimated that,when the air temperature was-37℃,the temperatures under the bilayer plastic film and single-layer recycle cotton were-9.4℃and-15.6℃respectively,but the temperature under the single-layer plastic film was as low as-22.4℃ and lower than the critical value of-22℃,thus a freezing injury of A.persicatrees occurred.The yield and new shoot growth of Amygdalus persica var.compressatrees were not impacted when the bilayer plastic film was used.A disadvantage of mulching A.persicatrees with bilayer plastic film was that a greenhouse effect occurred when air temperature rose rapidly,but it could be eliminated by putting side ventilation to decrease temperature and by irrigating A.persicatrees in early spring to increase soil moisture content.

关 键 词：蟠桃 越冬 塑料薄膜 再生棉 覆盖 天山北坡 

分 类 号：S662.1[农业科学—果树学]