基于地貌类型的岩溶小流域产流模型  

Runoff Model of Small Karst Watershed Based on Landform Types

作　　者：金鑫[1] 郭攀[1] 郑孝庆 牛志强[1] 

机构地区：[1]桂林理工大学广西矿业与环境科学实验中心,广西桂林541006 [2]南宁市新桂环保技术咨询有限公司,广西南宁530007

出　　处：《水电能源科学》2015年第5期14-18,共5页Water Resources and Power

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51369009;41301289);广西高等学校高水平创新团队及卓越学者计划项目(201010LX170);广西教育厅科研立项项目(201010LX183)

摘　　要：针对广西横县镇龙乡小流域岩溶结构发育、地下暗河分布广泛、汛期多强降雨及产流过程中地下径流丰富、出流过程非线性、流域不闭合等特点,研究了岩溶小流域不同地貌类型的产流规律,将岩溶地区下垫面分为土壤覆盖区与岩溶裸露区,分别运用蓄满产流模型模拟土壤覆盖区产流,水箱模型模拟岩溶裸露区产流,进而模拟流域总产流,建立了基于地貌类型的岩溶小流域产流概念性水文模型,利用岩溶小流域2010~2011年9场洪水资料进行模型参数率定,2012年4场洪水进行产流量验证。结果表明,模型在岩溶区的模拟效果较好,其预报相对误差范围为4.15%~18.49%,均值为13.82%,但对于前期影响雨量较大、降雨历时长的洪水,水箱模型产流模块产流量更大,受到降雨影响更为敏感,模拟精度相对更高。The paper studied the runoff of different landforms in small karst watershed in Hengxian town of Guangxi with the characteristics of small basin, such as frequent strong rainfall in flood season, abundant underground runoff, nonlinear effluent process and unclosed basin. The underlying surface in karst region is divided into soil coverage area and bare karst area. The saturation-excess runoff production model is used to simulate the runoff of soil coverage area. Tank model is adopted to simulate runoff of bare karst area. Thus, the total basin runoff is simulated. And then the concept hydrologic model in small karst basin is established based on the landform types. Nine floods in small karst area during 2010 and 2011 are used to calibrate model parameters, and four floods in 2012 are adopted to verify the runoff yield. The results show that the model is effective in karst hydrology simulation; the relative error is in the range of 4. 15;; to 18.49; and the average error is 13. 82M; the runoff producing module of tank model is more accuracy in simulating flood caused by the strong rainfall and shows sensitive in rainfall in the case of bigger prophase rainfall influence and long rainfall flood.

关 键 词：岩溶区 产流模拟 水箱模型 蓄满产流模型 

分 类 号：P642.25[天文地球—工程地质学]