蔷薇属植物与现代月季品种杂交亲和性研究  

Compatibility of Interspecific Crossing between Several RosaSpecies and Modern Rose Cultivars

作　　者：赵红霞 王晶 丁晓六[1] 罗乐[1] 潘会堂[1] 张启翔[1] 

机构地区：[1]花卉种质资源创新与分子育种北京市重点实验室,国家花卉工程技术研究中心,城乡生态环境北京实验室,北京林业大学园林学院,北京100083

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2015年第4期743-753,共11页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：“十二五”国家科技支撑计划(2013BAD01B07,2012BAD01B07);国家农业科技成果转化资金(2013GB23600673)

摘　　要：为培育抗寒、抗病性强、芳香的月季品种,以单瓣黄刺玫(Rosa xanthinaf.normalis)、黄刺玫(R.xanthina)、报春刺玫(R.primula)、美蔷薇(R.bella)、腺果大叶蔷薇(R.macrophylla var.glandulifera)、荷花蔷薇(R.multifloraf.carnea)等6个蔷薇属种、变种及变型和5个玫瑰品种为父本,以11个现代月季品种和香水月季(R.odorata)为母本设计72个授粉组合进行远缘杂交,统计杂交结实率及杂交种子萌发率,并采用扫描电镜技术观察了杂交亲本的花粉与柱头形态,测定花粉萌发率。结果显示:(1)除黄刺玫外,所试其他蔷薇属植物均适合作为父本材料与现代月季品种和香水月季杂交,但不同杂交组合的结实率及出苗率差异显著。(2)花粉、柱头形态对杂交亲和性无显著影响,花粉生活力对杂交亲和性有显著影响,且与杂交结实率成正相关关系。通过试验,筛选出14个亲和性较好的杂交组合、4个适宜的母本材料(香水月季、‘橘红潮’、‘金玛丽’、‘粉和平’)和6个适宜的父本材料(单瓣黄刺玫、报春刺玫、美蔷薇、腺果大叶蔷薇、荷花蔷薇、玫瑰‘大红紫枝’)。In order to breed new rose cultivars with flower fragrance and strong abiotic and biotic resistance,we carried out 72 interspecific hybridization combinations,using Rosa xanthinaf.normalis,R.xanthina,R.primula,R.bella,R.macrophyllavar.glandulifera,R.multifloraf.carneaand five R.rugosacultivars as male parents,and eleven modern rose cultivars and R.odorata as female parents.The fruit setting,pollen shape and stigma form of the parents,as well as the pollen germination of the male parents were observed.The results showed that：（1）Except R.xanthina,all other pollen providers can be used as male parents to hybridize with modern rose cultivars.The fruiting rate and the hybrid seed germination rate were significantly different among different cross combinations.（2）The pollen and stigma shape had little effect on the fruiting rate during hybridizing;however the pollen germination rate had remarkable effect on it.Fourteen cross combinations with high fruiting rate and high hybrid seed germination rate were selected,and 4 suitable female parents（R.odorata,‘Orange Wave＇,‘Goldmarie＇and‘Pink Peace＇）and 6 suitable male par-ents（R.xanthinaf.normalis,R.primula,R.bella,R.macrophylla var.glandulifera,R.multifloraf.carnea,R.rugosa ‘Dahong Zizhi＇）were recommended for interspecific hybridization.

关 键 词：蔷薇属 月季 远缘杂交 亲和性 花粉萌发 

分 类 号：Q321.2[生物学—遗传学]