人工老化对春小麦种子萌发及根尖超微结构的影响  

Effect of Artificial Aging on Seed Germination and Root Ultrastructure of Spring Wheat

作　　者：刘旭欢[1] 贾永红[2] 阿里别里根.哈孜太 卓方方 石书兵[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学农学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆农业科学院奇台麦类试验站,新疆奇台831800

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2015年第4期761-765,共5页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：农业部公益性行业农业科研专项(201303002);新疆自治区研究生创新项目(XJGRI2013111)

摘　　要：选取‘新春6号’小麦种子为材料,进行不同时间的高温高湿人工加速老化处理,考察发芽率、幼苗根长、幼苗鲜重、幼苗干重等指标,并用扫描电镜和透射电镜观察其种子根尖表皮形态及细胞结构变化,明确不同老化处理对春小麦种子萌发及根尖细胞超微结构的影响。结果表明,随着种子劣变程度加深(老化处理时间的延长),春小麦种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、幼苗根长、鲜重、干重等相关活力指标急剧下降,而平均发芽时间持续增加,且以老化处理4d为种子活力下降的转折点。种子萌发72h后,胚根尖表皮结构的扫描电镜观察发现,随着老化程度加深,胚根尖表皮皱缩逐渐加深、紧凑,最终致使表皮破裂,内部细胞裸露;透射电镜观察则显示,老化处理越久,根尖细胞中细胞器溶解程度越明显,最终导致整个细胞形成空腔。可见,根尖表皮形态、内部细胞结构上的改变可能是引起种子逐步丧失活力的原因。The purpose of the study was to determine the difference of aging time on germination and root tip cell ultrastructure of wheat cultivar, ＇ Xinchun 6 ~. Germination rate, seedling root length, seedling fresh weight, seedling dry weight, and the change in root tip skin form, cellular structure were included in this test. It was, then, easy to guess that germination rate, germination potential, germination index, seedling root length,fresh weight and dry weight were decreased sharply while MGT increase as the extension of aging time. And aging 4 d was the turning point of seed vigor drops by scanning seedling root of germination 72 h,we can find that along with the aging time,the root epidermal cells shrivel deepened/compacted, eventually. It can be caused shin burst,inside cells bared. Under the transmission electron microscopy,the degree of organelles dissolved obvious gradually,and the whole cell formation of cavity eventually. We can visibly saw that the seed gradually lost vitality may be caused by root epidermal morphology,internal changes in the cellular structure.

关 键 词：春小麦 人工老化 种子活力 根尖超微结构 

分 类 号：Q248[生物学—细胞生物学] Q255