人工关节假体:材料特征与物理治疗  

Joint prosthesis: material characteristics and physical therapy

作　　者：赵琳[1] 

机构地区：[1]辽宁省人民医院康复科,辽宁省沈阳市110016

出　　处：《中国组织工程研究》2015年第12期1964-1968,共5页Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research

摘　　要：背景:人工关节置换是应用人工生物材料替代已有明显病损的关节,从而达到缓解疼痛、纠正畸形、恢复与改善关节功能的目的。目的:探讨人工关节假体材料与关节置换后物理治疗的效果。方法:以"人工关节,关节材料,物理治疗;artificial joints,joints materials,physical therapy"为关键词,应用计算机检索2000至2014年万方数据库、清华知网数据库、Pub Med数据库,选取有关人工关节假体材料与关节置换后物理治疗的文献,同一领域文献选择权威杂志或发表时间为近期的文章,依据纳入排除标准选取15篇文献进行分析。结果与结论:对于不同人工关节假体材料有着不同的康复治疗方案。人工关节置换后的物理治疗方法包括物理因子疗法和运动疗法。物理因子疗法可以减少炎性因子的释放并促进吸收,有效缓解疼痛,低频超声干预下可促进和加快载抗生素骨水泥的药物释放。运动康复疗法应用持续被动活动机可以促进静脉淋巴回流,减轻患肢肿胀,避免静脉血栓的发生,预防和治疗关节挛缩,有利于肌力的增强,促进人工关节置换后关节功能的恢复。选择适宜的人工关节假体材料并在置换后进行科学合理的物理治疗,可以使患者达到康复速度快、关节活动度好、并发症少的目的。BACKGROUND：Artificial biomaterials are used instead of the existing joints with obvious lesion, which is defined as artificial joint replacement, for the purpose of easing pain, correcting deformities, restoring and improving the joint function. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effect of joint prosthesis materials and physical therapy after joint replacement. METHODS：Wanfang, CNKI and PubMed databases were retrieved for articles related to joint prosthesis materials and physical therapy after joint replacement published from 2000 to 2014 using the keywords of “artificial joints, joint materials, physical therapy” in Chinese and English, respectively. Papers published recently or in authoritative journals were preferred in the same field. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 15 papers were included in result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION：Artificial joint prosthesis materials have their own rehabilitation programs. Physical therapy after joint replacement includes physical factor therapy and exercise therapy. Physical factor therapy can reduce the release of inflammatory factors and promote the absorption of inflammatory factors factor,＆nbsp;effectively relive pain, and facilitate the drug release from bone cement containing antibiotic drugs under low-frequency ultrasound intervention. Exercise rehabilitation therapy assisted by continuous passive motion machine can promote lymphatic return, reduce limb sweling, avoid the occurrence of venous thromboembolism, prevent and treat joint contractures, strengthen the muscle and promote recovery of joint function after joint replacement. Appropriate joint prosthesis and reasonable physical therapy after joint replacement can accelerate patient’s rehabilitation, reduce complications and achieve a good joint range of motion.

关 键 词：生物材料 材料相容性 人工关节 钛合金 生物陶瓷 骨水泥 骨科康复 物理康复 康复训练 持续被动训练机 

分 类 号：R318[医药卫生—生物医学工程]