“硅酸盐”细菌浸出铝土矿及细菌群落结构的变化  

Bioleaching of bauxite by silicate bacteria and change of bacterial community structure during leaching process

作　　者：满李阳 肖国光[1] 张贤珍[1,2] 孙德四[1] 

机构地区：[1]九江学院化学与环境工程学院,江西九江332005 [2]北京科技大学土木与环境工程学院,北京100083

出　　处：《中南大学学报（自然科学版）》2015年第2期394-403,共10页Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51064011;51264014;3130064)~~

摘　　要：采用摇瓶浸出、分批搅拌浸出与连续浸出3种方式,研究3株"硅酸盐"细菌(胶质芽孢杆菌,Bacillus mucilaginosus,BMN;环状芽孢杆菌,Bacillus circulans,BCM;根瘤菌Rhizobium spp.HJ07)对铝土矿中硅的单一浸出和混合浸出效果,并对浸矿过程中混合菌群落结构的动态变化进行分析。研究结果表明:混合菌对铝土矿中硅的浸出率高于单一菌对铝土矿中硅的浸出率;连续浸出方式的脱硅率最高,其次为搅拌浸出,摇瓶浸出的脱硅率最低,浸出15 d后,3种混合菌对铝土矿中Si O2的浸出率分别为71.3%,49.5%和39.2%,铝土矿的m(Al)/m(Si)从5.17分别提高到13.51,10.2和8.76;在铝土矿混合菌浸出前期,没有明显的优势菌种,而到中后期,Bacillus mucilaginosus的比例则会上升,并最后取代Bacillus circulans和Rhizobium spp.成为优势菌种。Single bioleaching （Bacillus mucilaginosus BMN or Bacillus circulans BCM or Rhizobium spp. HJ07） and a cooperative bioleaching （Bacillus mucilaginosus BM＇N and Bacillus circulans BCM and Rhizobium spp. H J07） of bauxite were investigated by using three bioleaching technologies of flask leaching, batch leaching and continuous leaching. The change of bacterial community structure during bioleaching process was analysed by bacterial identification of representative phenotypic and physiological and biochemical characteristics. The results show that the SiO2 extraction from bauxite by mixed culture is higher than that by single culture. The SlOE leaching rate in the continuous bioleaching process is the highest, and the lowest in the flask bioleaching process, in comparison with the three bioleaching technologies of continuous leaching, batch leaching and flask leaching. After a 15 d cooperative bioleaching, the SiO2 leaching rates are 71.3%, 49.5% and 39.2%, and the mass ratio of A12O3 to SiO2 in bauxite is increased from 5.17 to 13.51, 10.20 and 8.76, respectively. There is no obvious dominant culture in bacterial community at the early bioleaching stage, in comparison with the ratio change of three tested silicate bacteria, whereas Bacillus mucilaginosus thrives at later stage and tunas into the dominant culture.

关 键 词：“硅酸盐”细菌 铝土矿 生物浸出 微生物群落结构 

分 类 号：Q939[生物学—微生物学] TD952.5[矿业工程—选矿]