渤海湾表层沉积物重金属含量及潜在生态风险评价  

Contents and Potential Ecological Risk Assessment of Selected Heavy Metals in the Surface Sediments of Bohai Bay

作　　者：周笑白[1] 梅鹏蔚[1] 彭露露[2] 韩龙[1] 张震[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津市环境监测中心,天津300191 [2]江苏省环境监测中心,江苏南京210036

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2015年第3期452-456,共5页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家环境保护公益性行业科研专项项目(201309008)

摘　　要：海洋沉积物中重金属元素的释放可能影响海水质量及海洋生态健康。于2013年8月采集了渤海湾24个点位的表层沉积物,检测了汞、砷、铜、锌、铅、镉、铬7种重金属的含量,并用Hankanson法分析其潜在生态风险。结果表明,渤海湾沉积物中重金属含量均值可达到国家一类海洋沉积物标准(GB 18668-2002),其中汞、砷、铜、锌、铅、镉、铬的浓度分别达到0.03、16.15、23.15、89.45、38.84、0.24和60.60 mg·kg-1。渤海湾不同点位中,表层沉积物重金属含量符合海洋沉积物质量一类标准的占83.3%,其余点位可满足二类标准,超一类标准的点位的主要超标因子是砷和铅。渤海湾重金属的综合生态风险指数达到95.01,属于轻微生态风险等级。不同重金属所产生的生态风险排序为镉>汞>砷>铅>铜>铬>锌,除镉外均属于轻微生态风险等级。镉的潜在生态风险值为47.00,达到了中等生态风险等级,其风险占所有重金属总风险的49.5%。镉的潜在生态风险高与镉的生物毒性较高及其近年来在渤海沉积物中积累速度较快有关。重金属潜在生态风险在河口地区和天津港工业区附近呈现高值,而南部渔业区和远离海岸的中心区的生态风险相对较低,说明近海工业活动和陆源污染排放渤海湾沉积物中的重金属生态风险的主要来源。因而,调整近海的产业结构,严格控制入海河流和近海经济活动的重金属特别是镉的污染排放,对保障渤海沉积物的生态安全至关重要。The release of the heavy metals from the sediments might significantly contribute to the water environment and ecological health of the sea. Contents of selected heavy metals （Hg, As, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr） in the surface sediments from 24 sites in the Bohai Bay were measured in August of 2013, and their potential ecological risk were evaluated through Hankanson method. Results showed that the average content of the heavy metals in the sediment of Bohai Bay reached the first standard request of the national marine sedimentary evaluation criterion （GB-18668-2002）, with the average values of Hg, As, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr of 0.03, 16.15, 23.15, 89.45, 38.84, 0.24 and 60.60 mg·kg^-1 respectively. A percentage of 83.3% of the sampling sites meet the first standard request of the national marine sedimentary evaluation criterion, and the rest of the sites were qualified for the second standard. According to the result, the main heavy metals exceeded the first standard of the criterion were As and Pb. Further ecological risk assessment result showed that the average ecological risk index value in different sites was 95.01, which represented a low ecological risk. The potential ecological risk caused by heavy metals decreased following the sequence of Cd, Hg, As, Pb, Cu, Cr and Zn, and all the metals except Cd caused a low ecological risk. The potential ecological risk index caused by Cr reached 47.00, representing a moderate ecological risk, which contributed around 49.5% of the total potential ecological risk. The high ecological risk of the Cd could be explained by high respond to its high biotoxicity and rapid accumulation in the sediment. Higher potential risk of heavy metals were detected in the sediments near estuary and Tianjin port industrial region, while lower ecological risk of heavy metals was detected in the southern fishing region and the center of the Bohai Bay, which indicated that the potential risk of heavy metals was probably caused by industrial activity and land source pollution in Bohai Bay. Ther

关 键 词：重金属 生态风险评估 沉积物 

分 类 号：X55[环境科学与工程—环境工程]