中世纪晚期德意志帝国改革与民族国家构建  

On the Reform of the German Empire and the Construction of the Nation State in the Late Middle Ages

作　　者：王亚平[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津师范大学历史文化学院,欧洲经济社会发展研究中心,教授。天津300387

出　　处：《历史研究》2015年第2期101-112,191,共12页Historical Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金2012年度一般项目“宗教改革前后德意志社会结构演变研究”(项目批准号12BSS031)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：15世纪以后的西欧、英国和法国相继实现了议会君主制,为民族国家的最终建立提供了必要的政治条件。但在德意志帝国,自14世纪以来逐渐确立的邦国制度以及帝国区域性的经济中心,削弱了王(皇)权的集权,形成了多头政治的局面,致使英、法以及罗马教会等外部势力乘机染指德意志事务。这些都极大地阻碍了德意志迈向民族国家的进程。15世纪末期,德意志皇帝力图通过征收统一赋税、设立帝国法庭等帝国改革措施强化帝国的最高权力。帝国改革虽然没有达到预期的政治目的,但却是德意志向近代民族国家迈进的重要一步。In Western Europe,from the 15 th century on,England and France had successively implemented parliamentary monarchies which provided the essential political conditions for the construction of the nation state.In the German Empire,however,the state system and the regional economic center of the Empire that had been developing since the 14^(th) century weakened the centralization of royal(imperial) power,forming a many-headed 'polycracy.' Outside powers like England,France and the Catholic Church seized the opportunity to interfere in German affairs,a situation that was a great impediment to Germany's becoming a nation state.At the end of the 15 th century,the German emperor strove to reinforce the supreme authority of the empire by adopting reform measures such as levying unified taxes and establishing imperial courts of law.Although the reform of the empire did not achieve the desired political objectives,it was a crucial step in Germany's progress toward being a modern nation state.

关 键 词：中世纪晚期 德意志 邦国 神圣罗马帝国 

分 类 号：K516.3[历史地理—历史学]