乡镇卫生机构人员稳定性分析  

Stability of Health Workforce in Rural Health Service Institutions

作　　者：吴妮娜[1] 吕兆丰[1] 王晓燕[1] 彭迎春[1] 高清[1] 汉业旭[1] 王玉[1] 

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学卫生管理与教育学院,北京市100069

出　　处：《中国全科医学》2015年第13期1498-1503,共6页Chinese General Practice

基　　金：国家软科学项目(2010GXS5D179);教育部人文社会科学面上项目(10YJAZH055);北京市哲学社会科学重大项目(11ZDA05);北京市属高等学校教学创新人才--教学名师项目(PHR201106207);北京市哲学社会科学青年项目(10Bd SH089)

摘　　要：目的了解乡镇卫生机构人员的流动情况,为基层卫生人力的稳定发展提出政策建议。方法采用分层随机抽样的方法,于2011年5—7月在我国东、中、西部共抽取6个省/市,即北京、浙江、安徽、山西、云南、贵州,48个乡镇卫生院进行现场调查。采用自主设计的乡镇卫生机构流入、流出人员调查表,收集各乡镇卫生院在2007—2010年流入和流出人员的基本信息及其流动原因。结果 2007—2010年,6个省/市的48个乡镇卫生院共计流入卫生人员361名,流出人员187名。流入、流出人员中女性分别占67.0%（242/361）、51.9%（97/187）;流入人员中20~29岁占72.0%（260/361）,流出人员中20~29岁占24.6%（46/187）、30~39岁占39.0%（73/187）;流入、流出人员中医生分别占42.1%（152/361）、56.1%（105/187）;流入人员中无职称占52.4%（189/361）,流出人员中初级职称占63.1%（118/187）。福利待遇、生活环境、职业发展等因素是人员流失的主要原因。结论卫生人员流入总量大于流出总量,流动人员中女性多于男性,以20~39岁中青年为主,医生占到流动人员的半数,流入人员以无职称为主,但流出人员以初级职称为主。乡镇卫生院人员引进困难和流失问题并存,需要从人力管理的各个环节稳定队伍,保障农村基层卫生人力的稳定供给及职业的可持续发展,完善卫生人才流动机制,引导卫生人才合理流动。Objective To investigate the mobility of workforce in health service institutions in rural areas and put forward policy recommendations for improving the stability of health workforce in rural areas. Methods In this stratified random sampling trail,we randomly selected six provinces（ cities）in the eastern,middle and western areas in China and conduct field investigations in 48 rural health centers from May to July in 2011. The selected provinces （ cities ） are Beijing, Zhejiang Province,Anhui Province, Shanxi Province, Yunnan Province and Guizhou Province. Self - designed questionnaires about workforce inflow and outflow in rural health service institutions were used,by which the basic data and the reasons of flowing workforce from 2007 to 2010 were collected. Results The total number of workforce inflow was 361 and that of workforce outflow was 187,in which females accounted for 67. 0%（242/361） and 51. 9%（97/187）respectively. Inflow personnel aged 20-29 accounted for 72. 0%（ 260/361 ）;outflow personnel aged 20 -29 accounted for 24. 6%（ 46/187 ） and those aged 30 -39 were 39. 0%（ 73/187 ） . Doctors accounted for 42. 1%（ 152/361 ） and 56. 1%（ 105/187 ） respectively. Inflow personnel without a professional title accounted for 52. 4%（ 189/361 ） and outflow personnel with a primary title were 63. 1%（ 118/187）. Benefits,living environment and career development were the main reasons for the loss of health workforce. Conclusion The total number of workforce inflow is more than that of outflow. The number of female is lager than that of male in flowing workforce. Flowing workforce aged 20-39 take up the majority and doctors take up more than half. Inflow workforces are primarily without a professional title,while outflow workforces are mostly with a primary title. The introduction difficulty and loss of health workforce are the main handicaps for the development of rural health service institutions. Measures should be taken to stabilize the workforce from all aspects of human

关 键 词：医院 乡村 乡村卫生服务 卫生人员 职业流动性 稳定 

分 类 号：R197[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]