永州市零陵区麻疹暴发疫情调查  

Investigation on measles outbreak in Lingling District of Yongzhou City

作　　者：桑翠平 

机构地区：[1]湖南省永州市零陵区疾病预防控制中心,425100

出　　处：《职业与健康》2015年第8期1099-1101,共3页Occupation and Health

摘　　要：目的调查分析2012年12月—2013年4月永州市零陵区麻疹暴发的流行特征,为制定麻疹防控措施提供科学依据。方法对该区所有疑似病例开展流行病学调查、采集血样,采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）法进行麻疹IgM和风疹IgM抗体检测。结果共报告麻疹实验室确诊患者120例,发病率18.90/10万,1和2月为发病高峰,发病106例,占发病总数的88.3%,0-4岁儿童发病104例,占发病总数的86.7%,8月龄以上人群发病86例,其中65例无免疫接种史（含接种史不详）,占75.6%。结论未接种麻疹疫苗是造成麻疹暴发的根本原因,医疗机构内感染是麻疹扩散的重要因素,加强麻疹疫情监测、提高麻疹疫苗首针接种及时率和常规免疫接种率、适时开展麻疹疫苗强化免疫是控制麻疹发病最有效措施。[ Objective ] To investigat and analyze the epidemical characters of measles outbreak in Lingling District of Yongzhou City from December 2012-April 2013, and provide a scientific basis for developing control measures of measles. [Methods] All the suspected measles cases during the outbreak were investigated and blood samples were collected and for laboratory test of measles IgM and rubella IgM antibody by captured ELISA. [Results] A total of 120 cases were identified by laboratory examination from the measles outbreak. The incidence rate was 18.90/100 000. The peak incidence （106 cases） appeared from January to February, accounting for 88.3% of total cases. The case of children aged 0-4 years amounted accounted for 86.7% （104 cases）. The case aver 8 months amounted to 86, among which 65 had no immunization history with measles vaccine （or who could not recall the immunity history）, accounting for 75.6%. [ Conclusion ] The main cause of measles outbreak was failure to inoculate measles vaccine for children. The inside-hospital infection was an important factor of the spread of measles. The most effective control measures of measles are to enhance the monitoring of measles, to increase first dose of timely measles vaccine injection rate and routine immunization coverage, and carry out supplementary immunization properly.

关 键 词：麻疹 暴发 调查 

分 类 号：R181.81[医药卫生—流行病学]