播期及种植密度对直播油菜农艺性状和产量品质的影响  

Effects of Sowing Date and Plant Density on Agronomic Traits,Yield and Quality of Ddirect-sown Oilseed Rape( Brassica napus L. ) in Sichuan Province

作　　者：吴永成[1,2] 徐亚丽[1] 彭海浪[1] 李壮[1] 牛应泽[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学农学院,四川温江611130 [2]农业部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,四川温江611130

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2015年第2期534-538,共5页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：四川省育种攻关栽培项目(2011NZ0098-15);四川省科技支撑项目(2012SZ0173);四川油菜创新团队栽培岗位

摘　　要：本文于2010-2011年在四川雅安（盆周山区）、射洪（川中丘陵区）和邛崃（成都平原区）3个不同试验地点,研究了播种期、种植密度对直播油菜农艺性状和产量品质的影响。结果表明,直播油菜不同试验地点的农艺性状、产量和品质存在着一定的差异。播期是影响直播油菜株高、一次分枝数和产量的主要因素;种植密度则是影响直播油菜分枝部位的主要因素。株高、分枝部位和一次分枝数均随播期推迟而降低或减少;株高和一次分枝数则随种植密度增加而降低。直播油菜籽粒产量和油产量都随播期推迟而呈降低趋势,但油菜产量在不同种植密度下并无显著差异。播期、种植密度对直播油菜籽粒含油量、油酸含量和亚油酸含量均无显著性影响。基于上述结果,对于四川盆地不同生态区的直播油菜,在目前收获机械难以进入的深丘山区稻油两熟制农田,可适期早播（9月下旬）,种植密度以每公顷15~30万株为宜;在四川省有条件发展油菜机械化生产的浅丘平坝区,适宜播期（9月下旬至10月中旬）范围内,随播期推迟适当加大种植密度（每公顷30~60万株）,通过构建小个体大群体结构,从而实现油菜生产的轻简高效。Field experiments were conducted on three different sites（ Ya＇an,Shehong and Qionglai,which were respectively on behalf of Mountainous regions around Sichuan basin,Hilly regions of central Sichuan basin and Chengdu plain）,and the effects of different sowing dates（ 20 /9,5 /10,20 /10） and planting densities（ 15 × 10^4,30 × 10^4,45 × 10^4,60 × 10^4/ hm^2） on the agronomic traits,yield and quality of direct-sown oilseed rape（ Brassica napus L.） from 2010 to 2011 were studied. The results showed that there were some differences of agronomic traits,yield and quality between different experimental sites for direct-sown oilseed rape. Sowing date was the main impact factor of plant height,branch numbers and yield,and planting density was the main impact factor of branch height in the experimental conditions. Plant height,branch height and branch numbers decreased with the delay of sowing date,and plant height and branch numbers also decreased with the increase of planting density. There was a downward trend of grain yield and oil yield with the delay of sowing date,but there are no significant differences of grain yield and oil yield under different planting densities. There were still no significant effects of sowing date and planting density on grain oil content（ %）,Oleic-acid content（ %） and Linoleic-acid content（ %）. Based on above results,it was concluded that direct-sown oilseed rape should be planted earlier properly,and the planting density of 15 × 104-30 × 104/ hm2 was appropriate we under those mountains where harvest machinery could not be used. On the other hand,to build reasonable group structure and obtain high yield and high efficiency,the planting density of direct-sown oilseed rape should be increased properly（ 30 × 10^4-60× 10^4/ hm^2） with delay of sowing during suitable sowing date range in those plains or hilly-areas where harvest machinery was easy to enter.

关 键 词：油菜 直播 播期 种植密度 农艺性状 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]