蚕豆青秸翻压对玉米产量与土壤养分利用的影响  

Effects of Horse Bean Straw on Maize Yield and Utilization of Soil Nutrients

作　　者：张钦 陈正刚 崔宏浩 朱青[4] 宋启堃 胡萍 宋兴香 

机构地区：[1]贵州省土壤肥料研究所 [2]贵州省农业资源与环境研究所 [3]农业部贵州耕地保育与农业环境科学观测试验站,贵州贵阳550006 [4]贵州省农业科学院,贵州贵阳550006 [5]贵州省贵定县洛河北乡农业技术推广站,贵州贵定551305 [6]贵州省平坝县马场镇农业技术中心,贵州平坝561100

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2015年第2期632-636,共5页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费(201103005);国家农作物种质资源平台运行服务项目;作物种质资源保护和利用项目;贵州省国际科技合作计划[黔科合外G字(2010)7035];贵州省创新能力建设项目[黔科合院所创能(2011)4002];中央补助地方科技基础条件专项基金[黔科条中补地(2012)4003]

摘　　要：为探索利用蚕豆青秸提高玉米养分利用效益的最佳秸秆翻压量,采用田间试验研究蚕豆青秸作绿肥翻压对土壤养分、化肥利用率、农学效益和玉米产量的影响,探索最佳蚕豆秸秆翻压量。结果表明：蚕豆秸秆翻压量与玉米籽粒产量呈显著一元二次线性关系,回归方程为y=-3.0138x2＋98.232x＋8149.5,相关系数r2=0.9035。与常规施肥处理相比,玉米籽粒产量增加17.14%-21.94%,氮肥利用率提高9.5%-10.9%,P2O5利用率提高6.5%-9.2%,K2O利用率提高4.7%-16.1%,农学效益提高118.61%-143.70%;3年后的土壤有机质含量增加5.24-7.86 g/kg,土壤碱解氮含量增加6%-19.33%,土壤速效磷（P）含量增加6.8%-23.81%,速效钾（K）含量增加4.57%-10%。蚕豆秸秆翻压量15 000-22 500 kg/hm2最佳,可以减少20%的化肥施用。A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different amount of horse bean straw on soil nutrients,utilization rate,agronomy efficiency and yield of maize. Results： The amount of horse bean straw and maize grain yield was of significant quadratic linear relationship. The regressive equation and coefficient of correlation were y =-3. 0138x2＋ 98. 232 x ＋ 8149. 5,r2= 0. 9035 respectively.Comparing with the conventional fertilizer treatment,the corn yield were increased by 17. 14 %-21. 94 % and the utilization rate of N,P2O5 and K2O were improved by 9. 5 %-10. 9 %,6. 5-9. 2 % and 4. 7 %-16. 1 %,respectively and the agronomy efficiency were increased by 118. 61 %-143. 70 %. Three years later the soil organic matter content was increased by 5. 24-7. 86 g / kg,available nitrogen was increased by 6 %-19. 33 %,available phosphorus was increased by 6. 8 %-23. 81 % and available potassium was increased by 4.57 %-10 %. The optimum amount of horse bean straw was 15 000-22 500 kg / hm2 and the chemical fertilize could be reduced by 20 %.

关 键 词：蚕豆 养分利用 秸秆翻压 玉米 

分 类 号：S142[农业科学—肥料学]