生态系统红色名录——一种新的生物多样性保护工具  

IUCN red list of ecosystems: a new tool for biodiversity conservation

作　　者：朱超[1] 方颖[1] 周可新[1] 穆少杰[1] 蒋金亮[2] 

机构地区：[1]环境保护部南京环境科学研究所,南京210042 [2]南京大学地理与海洋科学学院,南京210093

出　　处：《生态学报》2015年第9期2826-2836,共11页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题(2012BAC01B08);环保公益类项目(201209027);环境保护部"生物多样性保护专项"

摘　　要：生物多样性为人类提供了生存所必需的一系列生态系统服务和功能。然而,由于人为活动的加剧,生物多样性不断丧失。传统的生物多样性保护主要关注物种多样性,存在着对生物多样性的代表性不足,不能及时反应生态系统多样性的变化等缺点。近年来,生态系统层次上的多样性保护成为研究热点,一些国家和组织相继开展了大尺度的生态系统评估工作。文章回顾了已有的生态系统评估方案,发现当前生态系统评估多采用IUCN物种红色名录的分级标准体系,主要评估生态系统的濒危程度,评估标准主要是分布范围和功能的变化,不同评估方案采用的指标和阈值有差异,需要建立统一的生态系统分类体系和评价方案。同时,结合国内生态系统评价的现状,提出了在我国开展生态系统红色名录研究的若干可行建议。Biological diversity provides many ecosystem functions and services that are critically important for human survival and development. In the past hundreds of years,biodiversity decreases continuously due to accelerating human activities and climate changes,leading to the alteration of ecosystem processes and ecosystems stability. An explicit understanding of risks assessment of biodiversity loss is essential for biological conservation. However,traditional risk assessment mainly focused on species diversity,which could not represent biological diversity comprehensively and reflect biodiversity loss at ecosystem level directly. The results of assessment can hardly be applied to policy-making for biodiversity conservation at landscape level. Furthermore,species-by-species is time consuming and resources costing. By the year 2010,less than 3% of the world＇ s known species had been evaluated for potential inclusion in the International Union for Conservation of Nature（ IUCN） Red List of Threatened Species. Hence,a higher-level biodiversity assessment may provide a more cost-effective means for multi-scale biodiversity conservation. Recently,more and more attentions have been tailored to develop a set of criteria for ecosystem risk assessment. Several protocols have been developed in many countries over the past twenty years,such as Finland,Germany,Denmark and Bulgaria. Most of these assessment protocols adopted the assessment system of the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Threat status was adopted as the major ecosystem risk assessment indicator,and threat status of each ecosystem was assigned using rule-based criteria based onthresholds for distributional and functional symptoms. However, there are significant differences between ecosystem classification,quantitative criteria,and spatial / temporal scale in different protocols,leading to possible distortions in results of assessment. In the year of 2008,IUCN created the Ecosystems Red List（ RLE） Thematic Group that aims to develop a quantitative catego

关 键 词：生物多样性 生态系统红色名录 生态风险评估 

分 类 号：Q16[生物学—普通生物学]