格劳秀斯的自然财产权理论  

Grotius' s Theory of Natural Property

作　　者：王铁雄[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海海事大学法学院,上海201306

出　　处：《河北法学》2015年第5期111-122,共12页Hebei Law Science

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目(11YJA820076);上海市哲学社会科学规划一般项目(2011BFX006);上海市教育委员会科技创新重点项目(12ZS138)

摘　　要：格劳秀斯在其作品中第一次系统地阐述了近代自然法理论。同时,作为第一位现代权利理论家,最早提出了自然财产权理论:他认为原始共有财产权及从中发展出的私有财产权都是每个人所享有的自然权利。而私有财产权的产生则是基于人类明示或默示的普遍同意。并指出私有财产权固有的排他性与综合性特征。而且,格劳秀斯进一步指出,财产权作为每个人享有的一种自然权利,还应包括在极端紧迫的情况下每个人享有利用物品的必需权。并且这种必需权作为财产权制度的一个必要限制是不能予以剥夺的。但是,由于未能看到正当地使用物品的自然财产权利并不包括对他人人身的使用,所以,格劳秀斯被引向接受奴隶制度的自然性。因而使自我保存的基本权利尤其是必需权失去了其主要意义。Hugo Grotius systematically discussed the theory of modern natural law in his works for the first time. At the same time, as the first rights theoretician of contemporary, he advanced the theory of individual natural property： he thought original community property and Private Property, which were developed from original community property, were natural rights that everyone should have and hold. The development of Private Property was based on human ＂s universally agreement by express or implied. Then he said Private Property have their own Exclusive and Integrated. Moreover, Hugo Grotius stated further that as property rights, a natural right everyone have and hold, which should also include Right of Necessity of using articles when some emergency happened. Right of Necessity were considered as essential restriction of property which could not be deprived. But for unseeing natural property of using articles properly was not included living body of a human being, Hugo Grotius was led to accept naturalism self-conservation lost their main meaning, of slavery. That made fundamental right of especially the Right of Necessity.

关 键 词：共有财产权 私有财产权 必需权 同意理论 排他性与综合性理论 

分 类 号：DF521[政治法律—民商法学]